Cloud and Data Center Concepts

Question 1

What is cloud computing?

Answer 1

Delivering IT services via internet

Question 2

What does IaaS provide?

Answer 2

Virtualized hardware

Question 3

What is PaaS used for?

Answer 3

App deployment without managing OS

Question 4

What does SaaS deliver?

Answer 4

Fully functional applications

Question 5

Who manages OS in IaaS?

Answer 5

Customer

Question 6

Who manages OS in SaaS?

Answer 6

Provider

Question 7

Give an example of IaaS.

Answer 7

AWS EC2

Question 8

Give an example of SaaS.

Answer 8

Office 365

Question 9

What’s the role of PaaS?

Answer 9

Platform for developers

Question 10

What cloud model offers full user control?

Answer 10

IaaS

Question 11

What model hides OS, runtime, and hardware?

Answer 11

SaaS

Question 12

In PaaS, what does the provider manage?

Answer 12

OS, middleware, runtime

Question 13

What is a public cloud?

Answer 13

Services over internet for any user

Question 14

Example of a public cloud?

Answer 14

AWS

Question 15

What is a private cloud?

Answer 15

Used by one org only

Question 16

Benefit of private cloud?

Answer 16

Full control

Question 17

What is a hybrid cloud?

Answer 17

Combines public + private

Question 18

Use case for hybrid cloud?

Answer 18

Sensitive data in private, rest in public

Question 19

What is a community cloud?

Answer 19

Shared by orgs with similar needs

Question 20

What is multi-tenancy?

Answer 20

Shared physical resources

Question 21

Main risk of multi-tenancy?

Answer 21

Data leakage

Question 22

What is single tenancy?

Answer 22

Dedicated resources per user

Question 23

Single tenancy offers better…?

Answer 23

Isolation

Question 24

Multi-tenancy offers better…?

Answer 24

Cost-efficiency

Question 25

What is high availability?

Answer 25

Minimal downtime

Question 26

What is 'five nines' uptime?

Answer 26

99.999%

Question 27

What is scalability?

Answer 27

Handle growing loads

Question 28

What is vertical scaling?

Answer 28

More power to one server

Question 29

What is horizontal scaling?

Answer 29

Add more servers

Question 30

What is rapid elasticity?

Answer 30

Auto adjust resources

Question 31

What is metered utilization?

Answer 31

Pay for what you use

Question 32

What is shared resource use?

Answer 32

Multi-tenancy

Question 33

What is file sync?

Answer 33

Auto file updates across devices

Question 34

Why is rapid elasticity important?

Answer 34

Handle usage spikes

Question 35

What is a VPC?

Answer 35

Isolated cloud network segment

Question 36

Purpose of a VPC?

Answer 36

Secure deployment zone

Question 37

What is a subnet?

Answer 37

Subdivision of VPC

Question 38

Use of private subnets?

Answer 38

Internal-only services

Question 39

What connects public subnets to internet?

Answer 39

Internet Gateway

Question 40

What allows private subnets outbound access?

Answer 40

NAT Gateway

Question 41

What is a network ACL?

Answer 41

Subnet-level stateless firewall

Question 42

Are ACLs stateful?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

What is a security group?

Answer 43

Instance-level firewall

Question 44

Are security groups stateful?

Answer 44

Yes

Question 45

Default security group rule?

Answer 45

No inbound allowed

Question 46

What is VPC peering?

Answer 46

Private VPC-to-VPC connection

Question 47

What is a VPC endpoint?

Answer 47

Private access to cloud services

Question 48

VPC endpoints avoid using the...?

Answer 48

Public internet

Question 49

What does a VPN connect?

Answer 49

On-prem to cloud via public internet

Question 50

Main tech behind VPNs?

Answer 50

IPSec

Question 51

AWS VPN max bandwidth?

Answer 51

~4 Gbps

Question 52

Drawback of VPN?

Answer 52

Public internet latency

Question 53

What is Direct Connect?

Answer 53

Private line to cloud provider

Question 54

Benefit of Direct Connect?

Answer 54

Low latency, high speed

Question 55

AWS Direct Connect speed?

Answer 55

Up to 40 Gbps

Question 56

Direct Connect is more...?

Answer 56

Reliable

Question 57

VPN vs Direct Connect cost?

Answer 57

VPN cheaper

Question 58

VPN vs Direct Connect bandwidth?

Answer 58

Direct Connect higher

Question 59

What is network virtualization?

Answer 59

Network functions as software

Question 60

Benefits of virtual networks?

Answer 60

Scalable, flexible, cost-efficient

Question 61

What is NFV?

Answer 61

Virtualize network functions

Question 62

Examples of VNFs?

Answer 62

Firewalls, routers

Question 63

What is NFVI?

Answer 63

Hardware + virtualization layer

Question 64

What is MANO in NFV?

Answer 64

Manages VNFs

Question 65

What is a VNF?

Answer 65

Software-based network tool

Question 66

NFV replaces what?

Answer 66

Physical appliances

Question 67

What is SDN?

Answer 67

Software-controlled networking

Question 68

SDN separates which planes?

Answer 68

Control, data, management

Question 69

What does the control plane do?

Answer 69

Makes decisions

Question 70

What does the data plane do?

Answer 70

Forwards traffic

Question 71

What does the management plane do?

Answer 71

Administer & monitor

Question 72

Main SDN benefit?

Answer 72

Centralized control

Question 73

SD-WAN applies SDN to...?

Answer 73

Wide area networks

Question 74

SD-WAN improves what?

Answer 74

App performance

Question 75

What does SD-WAN allow branches to do?

Answer 75

Direct cloud access

Question 76

What is app-aware routing?

Answer 76

Routes based on app type

Question 77

SD-WAN helps replace...?

Answer 77

Traditional MPLS WANs

Question 78

What does VXLAN do?

Answer 78

Virtual L2 over L3

Question 79

What encapsulates frames in VXLAN?

Answer 79

UDP

Question 80

What is a VNI?

Answer 80

VXLAN Network Identifier

Question 81

How many segments does VXLAN support?

Answer 81

16 million

Question 82

VXLAN overcomes what VLAN limit?

Answer 82

4096

Question 83

What is a VTEP?

Answer 83

VXLAN Tunnel Endpoint

Question 84

Where are VTEPs implemented?

Answer 84

Switches/hypervisors

Question 85

Purpose of VXLAN segments?

Answer 85

Group VMs as if local

Question 86

What is SASE?

Answer 86

Cloud-delivered network + security

Question 87

What is SSE?

Answer 87

Security-only part of SASE

Question 88

Does SSE include SD-WAN?

Answer 88

No

Question 89

What is SWG?

Answer 89

Filters web traffic

Question 90

What is CASB?

Answer 90

Cloud access security broker

Question 91

What is ZTNA?

Answer 91

Zero trust access

Question 92

SASE vs SSE scope?

Answer 92

SASE = Full; SSE = Security only

Question 93

Why use ZTNA?

Answer 93

Least-privilege access

Question 94

SASE benefit for remote users?

Answer 94

Unified security policies

Question 95

SSE focus?

Answer 95

SaaS and internet security