CLPS 1700- Readings - Chapter 7 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Anxious apprehension
Anxiety that arises in response to a high level of fear of a particular stimulus
Which gender is more likely to be diagnosed with anxiety disorders?
Women
What percent of Americans will have an anxiety disorder in their lifetimes?
15%
What are the three parts to the anxiety-depression model?
High level of negative emotions, low level of positive emotions, physiological hyperarousal
What is GAD?
Generalized anxiety disorder: uncontrollable worry/anxiety about a number of events/activities that are not solely the focus of another Axis I disorder
GAD has a high comorbidity with what other disorder?
Major depressive disorder
What gender is more often diagnosed with GAD?
Women
Given the high comorbidity between depression and GAD, which generally arises first?
GAD
Which hemisphere is larger in GAD individuals?
Right hemisphere
What brain area contains more gray and white matter in GAD individuals?
Superior temporal gyrus: associated with hearing and language comprehension
Is GAD associated with increased or decreased sympathetic nervous system arousal?
Decreased: unusually responsive parasympathetic response!
How does worrying interact with anxiety and panic?
Prevents anxiety from becoming panic: negative reinforcer
How does antianxiety medication like Buspar decrease GAD symptoms?
Probably by decreasing serotonin release, which inhibits amygdala-based fear/worry learning
What are four behavioral treatments for GAD?
Breathing training, muscle relaxation training, biofeedback, exposure
List some cognitive methods for treating GAD.
Psychoeducation, meditation, self-monitoring, problem solving, cognitive restructuring
Panic disorder
Frequent, unexpected panic attacks along with fear or further attacks and possible restrictions of behavior to prevent such attacks
Panic disorder is more commonly diagnosed in which gender?
Women
What are the DSM diagnoses for agoraphobia?
Not agoraphobia itself: either panic disorder with agoraphobia, or agoraphobic without history of panic disorder
When does agoraphobia most commonly develop?
Within a year of recurrent panic attacks
Why does the brain decide to begin a panic attack?
Suspicion of suffocation, due to hyperventilation, salt, caffeine, etc: brains of PanD individuals have a lower threshold for detecting decreased blood oxygen levels
Too much of what neurotransmitter contributes to panic disorder?
Norepinephrine
How does learning contribute to panic disorder?
the symptoms associated with panic are part of the regular fight or flight response, so it becomes a fear of fear
Interoceptive exposure
Behavioral therapy method in which patients intentionally elicit the bodily sensations associated with panic so that they can habituate those sensations and not respond with fear
Social phobia
Anxiety disorder: intense fear of public humiliation or embarrassment, together with avoidance of social situations likely to cause fear
