CM 5

Question 1

The earth was formed roughly about how many years?

Answer 1

4.5 billion years ago

Question 2

Life on earth began about ?

Answer 2

3.5 billion years ago

Question 3

Suggests that life arose gradually from inorganic molecules with building blocks forming first and then combining to make complex polymers

Answer 3

Oparin haldane hypothesis

Question 4

Tested the hypothesis of oparin and haldane

Answer 4

Miller urey experiment

Question 5

Provided the first evidence that inorganic molecules needed for life could be formed from inorganic components

Answer 5

Miller urey experiment

Question 6

Formed by the aggregation of fats (lipids)

Answer 6

Coacervates

Question 7

Formed by the aggregation of proteins

Answer 7

Microspheres

Question 8

What process is called wherein the simple organic molecules went to a reaction/process

Answer 8

Polymerization

Question 9

First photoautotrophs to develop

Answer 9

Cyanobacteria

Question 10

Enumerated the 5 amino acids

Answer 10

Alpha alanine
Beta alanine
Aspartic acid
Glycine
Alpha amino n butyric acid

Question 11

Essentially states that life began with the emergence of self replicating molecules capable of storing genetic information

Answer 11

Genes first hypothesis

Question 12

DNA stands for?

Answer 12

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 13

RNA Stands for?

Answer 13

Ribonucleic acid

Question 14

Who is the author of the “ The selfish gene book”

Answer 14

Richard Dawkins

Question 15

Suggests that the first life was self replicating RNA not DNA

Answer 15

RNA World hypothesis

Question 16

It Assembles the proteins and itself

Answer 16

Ribozymes

Question 17

Can RNA base pair with itself?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Are amino acids that serve as the fundamental building blocks of the proteins

Answer 18

Peptides

Question 19

Converts dna to messenger rna

Answer 19

Transcription

Question 20

Decodes rna into amino acids forming proteins essential for life functions

Answer 20

Translation

Question 21

Creates identical dna strand

Answer 21

Replication

Question 22

Placing metabolic networks before dna or rna

Answer 22

Metabolism first hypothesis

Question 23

Life might have begun with smaller molecules interacting with each other in cycles of reactions

Answer 23

Metabolism first

Question 24

These are the remains or traces of old metabolic processes that can be discovered jn modern organisms

Answer 24

Metabolic fossils

Question 25

Belief that life arose on earth from inanimate matter after earth had cooled ( life began with non living matter )

Answer 25

Abiogenesis

Question 26

The belief that simple organic compounds might have come to early earth on meteorites

Answer 26

Panspermia

Question 27

Who popularized the panspermia concept

Answer 27

Fred hoyle and chandra wickramasinghe

Question 28

The panspermia was first mentioned by which believed that the seeds of life are present everywhere in the universe

Answer 28

Anaxagoras

Question 29

What are the 3 types of panspermia?

Answer 29

Radio Panspermia Litho Panspermia Directed Panspermia

Question 30

Explained that microorganisms can be transported thru space caused by the radiation pressure from the stars

Answer 30

Radio panspermia

Question 31

The microorganisms are embedded in rocks such as comets or asteroids

Answer 31

Lithopanspermia

Question 32

They believe that seeds of live were intentionally brought to other planets by advanced civilizations

Answer 32

Directed panspermia

Question 33

2 forms of panspermia

Answer 33

Interplanetary Interstellar

Question 34

Became the basis of abiogenesis

Answer 34

Primordial soup theory

Question 35

Who proposed the primordial soup theory

Answer 35

Alexander Oparin

Question 36

Uses of decay of radioactive isotopes to calculate the time since a rock’s formation. It also can be used to find the relative ages of sedimentary rocks

Answer 36

Radiometric dating

Question 37

Are different forms of an element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Answer 37

Isotopes

Question 38

Earliest evidence of life on earth. It is formed by the growth of layer upon layer of single celled microbes (e.g cyanobacteria)

Answer 38

Stromatolites ( fossil)

Question 39

Refers to the key characteristics or functions shared by all living organisms

Answer 39

Properties

Question 40

Inside each cell of single celled organisms, atoms make up molecules;these in turn make up organelles and other cellular inclusions

Answer 40

Order ( organization)

Question 41

Organisms respond to diverse stimuli

Answer 41

Sensitivity

Question 42

Movement toward a stimulus

Answer 42

Positive response

Question 43

Movement away from a stimulus

Answer 43

Negative response

Question 44

Response to chemicals

Answer 44

Chemotaxis

Question 45

Response to light

Answer 45

Photoaxis

Question 46

Single celled organisms duplicate and divide DNA then divide to form two new cells. Multicellular organisms pass their genes to form two new cells

Answer 46

Reproduction

Question 47

The process of becoming adjusted to an environment. May include structural, physiological or behavioral traits that improve an organism’s likelihood of survival

Answer 47

Adaptation

Question 48

Organisms grow and develop following specific instructions coded for by their genes

Answer 48

Growth and development

Question 49

The ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions

Answer 49

Homeostasis ( “steady state”) = balance

Question 50

All organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities

Answer 50

Energy processing

Question 51

Change in the heritable traits of biological populations over time.

Answer 51

Evolution