CM 6

Question 1

• Study of the transformation of energy in living organisms.
• It is the study of how organisms harvest and use energy
• includes how energy is transformed through cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Answer 1

Bioenergetics
Bio= life, living
Energetics= study of energy

Question 2

2 types of bioenenergetic reactions

Answer 2

Exergonic reaction
Endergonic reaction

Question 3

Implies the release of energy from a spontaneous chemical reaction without any accompanying utilization of energy

Answer 3

Exergonic reaction

Question 4

Have an ability to perform work
It also includes most of the catabolic reactions in cellular respiration

Answer 4

Exergonic reaction

Question 5

-Non-spontaneous and requires an input of free energy
-Mostly anabolic reactions ( ie.photosynthesis)

Answer 5

Endergonic reaction

Question 6

Process pf breaking down glucose into pyruvate, producing net 8 molecules of ATP ( per 1 molecule of glucose) in the process

Answer 6

Glycolysis

Question 7

When the cell’a energy charge is low ) the concentration of ADP is higher than that of ATP), the cell must synthesize glucose from carbon-containing biomolecules such as proteins, amino acids, fats, pyruvate,etc

Answer 7

Gluconeogenesis

Question 8

Process of cellular respiration in which acetyl coenzyme A, sythesized from pyruvate dehydrogenase, is first reacted with oxaloacetate to yield citrate

Answer 8

Citric acid cycle

Question 9

Process where NAPDH,FADH2 and NADH can be used to donate electrons to a series of redox reactions that take place in electron transport chain complexes

Answer 9

Oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport

Question 10

Metabolic pathway used by plants in which solar energy is used to synthesizsn glucose from carbon dioxide and water

Answer 10

Photosynthesis

Question 11

-Occurs in the cytoplasm and primarily in the mitochondria of eukaryotes
- mitochondria break down glucose to harvest chemical energy ( ATP) - a catabolic process

Answer 11

Cellular respiration

Question 12

Is an energy currency. It’s molecules can instantly release energy when the cells needs it

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

ATP stands for.?

Answer 13

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 14

2 phases of metabolism

Answer 14

Anabolism and Catabolism

Question 15

The constructive phase of metabolism where complex substances are produced out of simple substances

Answer 15

Anabolism

Question 16

The destructive phase of metabolism that breaks down complex substances to simpler ones

Answer 16

Catabolism

Question 17

Requires oxygen

Answer 17

Aerobic

Question 18

Does not require oxygen

Answer 18

Anaerobic

Question 19

Location of the glycolysis; does it require oxygen

Answer 19

Inside the cytoplasm ; no ( anaerobic)

Question 20

Location of krebs cycle; does it require oxygen

Answer 20

Mitochondrial matrix; yes ( aerobic)

Question 21

Location of the electron transport chain; does it require oxygen

Answer 21

Cristae; yes ( aerobic)

Question 22

Respiration begins with what molecule?

Answer 22

Glucose

Question 23

-The only stage that does not require oxygen to proceed
-happens in the cytoplasm
-breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, a 3 carbon molecule

Answer 23

Glycolysis

Question 24

Requirements in GLYCOLYSIS

Answer 24

2 NET ATP = per glucose
** produced 4 ATP ( yung 2 is pinambayad sa inutang so 2 nalang na produce)
2 NADH molecules = per glucose

Question 25

-requires oxygen to proceeed - happens in the mitochondrial matrix -release carbon dioxide as a waste and 1 ATP molecule

Answer 25

Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle

Question 26

requirements for KREBS CYCLE

Answer 26

2 ATP 2 FADH2 6 NADH

Question 27

-uses oxygen to proceed -occurs inside the mitochondria ( cristae) -the carrier molecules, NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and krebs cycle, enter the matrix of the mitochondrion and pass rheir electrons to the transport chain

Answer 27

Electron transport chain

Question 28

Requirement for ETC

Answer 28

produced 36 ATP

Question 29

It is the final electron acceptor in the chain, forming water to process

Answer 29

Oxygen

Question 30

The charge differecnce pushes nydrogen ions through an enzyme called?

Answer 30

ATP Synthase

Question 31

Stages of cellular respiration

Answer 31

Begins with glycolysis, followed by the krebs cycle and lastly the electrin transport chain

Question 32

Green plants, bacteria and algae produce their food through?

Answer 32

Photosynthesis

Question 33

The organisms that are self feeders that uses light

Answer 33

Photoautotrophs

Question 34

The organisms that are self feeders that uses chemicals through chemosynthesisn

Answer 34

Chemoautotrophs

Question 35

Light,carbon dioxide and water are transformed into?

Answer 35

Glucose

Question 36

Cells ( in a middle of leaf tissue) are the primary site of photosynthesis

Answer 36

Mesophyll

Question 37

Each mesophyll contains chhloroplasts. True or False?

Answer 37

true

Question 38

Are specializd organelles to carry out photosynthesis

Answer 38

Chloroplasts

Question 39

Lets carbon dioxide difuse into the mesophyll layer and oxygen diffuse out

Answer 39

Stomata

Question 40

Stages of photosynthesis

Answer 40

Light dependent reactions Light independent reactions

Question 41

-takes place in the thylakoid membrane -requires continous supply of light energy -light energy is converted into chemical energy through the formation of ATP and NADPH - water molecules are converted to oxygen gas

Answer 41

Light dependent reaction

Question 42

-takes place in the strons and does not directly require light -uses ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions to fix carbon dioxide -carbon atoms from CO2 are FIXED -produces glyceraldehyde ( 3 carbon sugars)

Answer 42

Light independent reactions ( calvin cycle)

Question 43

Stages of calvin cycle

Answer 43

1. Carbon Fixation 2. Reduction of 3-PGA 3. Regeneration of RubP

Question 44

Is the process of synthesizing natural inorganic substances like sulfur,ammonia,and nitrite ions to produce food

Answer 44

Chemosynthesis