CMC 2 Midterm Flashcards
For a strength exam used in a clinical setting, what is the range of values on the measurement scale?
0-5
During a strength exam, an effort resulting in no movement, but contraction of a muscle would receive what value on the measurement scale?
1
During a strength exam, an effort resulting in active movement of muscle with gravity removed would receive what value on the measurement scale?
2
During a strength exam, an effort resulting in active movement of a muscle against gravity, but not against physical resistance would receive what value on the measurement scale?
3
During a strength exam, an effort resulting in weak movement of muscle against physical resistance would receive what value on the measurement scale?
4
What is the range of values on the scale used to measure reflexes?
0-4+
What value on the scale used to measure reflexes is assigned to a normal reflex?
2+
A hyporeflexic reflex (which may or may not be normal) is assigned what value on the scale used to measure reflexes?
1+
A very brisk reflex (which may or may not be normal) is assigned what value on the scale used to measure reflexes?
3+
A 4+ reflex on the scale is determined by what two characterstics?
hyperreflexic, also with clonus
What are three ROS questions that can be asked about peripheral nervous function?
numbness or tingling
dizziness
headache
What is the normal response in a Babinski test?
downgoing toes (plantar flexion)
T/F: Babinski test results can be described as negative
F: Either absent/present or downgoing/upgoing (upgoing is synonymous with positive)
A “positive” Babinski test may indicate what?
upper motor neuron disease (potential CNS involvement)
Alcohol intoxication
Post-ictal phase after seizure
In what situations may the Babinski test be acceptably abnormal?
In children under 12 months of age
What is indicated by a positive pronater drift test result?
CNS/upper motor neuron disease; more directly it indicates weaker muscles of supination than those of pronation
What is indicated by a positive Romberg test result?
Impaired proprioception from dorsal column disease (vision will normally compensate)
Define paresis:
Impaired strenth or weakness
Define paralysis or plegia:
absent strength
Define neuropathy:
dysfunction of a nerve
Define radiculopathy:
dysfunction of a spinal nerve root (often due to compression)
Define dermatome:
an area of skin innervated by the sensory root of a single spinal nerve
Define hyperesthesia:
abnormally increased sensitivity to a stimuli of a sense (usually touch)
Define hypoethesia:
abnormally diminshed sensitivity to stimuli (usually touch)
