CNS & ANS Flashcards
(31 cards)
spinal cord location
foramen magnum to 1/2 lumbar vertebrae (not entire spine)
regions - cervical8 , thoracic 12, lumbar 5 , sacral 5, coccygeal 1
31 pairs spinal nerves
conus medullaris **8
end of spinal cord
cauda equina - nerves that exit spine to legs
meninges
connective tissue surround brain & spinal cord
protect, contain spinal fluid, form partitions in skull
meninges layers
dura mater - subdural space - between dura (strongest)
arachnoid mater - subarachnoid space - CSF & blood vessels
pia mater - many small blood vessels (gentle)
spinal cord labelled unit
grey matter - centre - cell bodies & dendrites
white matter - outer - nerve tracks
dorsal, lateral, ventral column**
ventral horn thick, lateral horn v v small, dorsal horn
commissure
connect two half body
grey commissure
white commissure
organisation spinal cord
sensory axons - dorsal root, ganglion (body), posterior
motor neuron - ventral root
interneuron - grey matter
spinal nerves mixed - both sensory & motor
motor neurons cell body horns
somatic - ventral horn
autonomic - lateral horn
PNS nerve covering mixed nerve
3 layer connective tissue
endoneurium - surround each axon (contain schwann cells) - multiple form fascicles
perineurium - surround fascicle
epineurium - surround several fascicles - nerve
spinal nerves & vertebral bone
cervical nerves exit superior to bone except C8 which shares T1 bone
everything else superior
1 nerve 1 bone except cervical
C8/7, T12, L5,S5,C1
parts brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla
parts brain
forebrain - cerebrum, diencephalon
midbrain
hindbrain - pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum
medulla oblongata
3cm long
motor & sensory tracts
lots of white matter
autonomic reflexes
cardiovascular centre, respiratory centre, hiccups, swallowing, sneeze reflex etc
pons
bridge
tract longitudinal tract spinal cord to brain
transverse tract cerebrum to cerebellum
sleep centre, respiratory centre
midbrain
receives and integrate visual auditory and tactile sensory input
move head/eyes in response
instinct move
cerebellum
outer grey, inner white
control locomotion
fine motor control
posture & balance control
diencephalon
thalamus
subthalamus
epithalamus
hypothalamus
thalamus
paired structure
cluster of nuclei
sensory relay centre (synapses)
influences moods and strong emotions - fear, rage
hypothalamus
most inferior part diencephalon
cluster of nuclei
control centre endocrine system - infundibulum
autonomic, endocrine, muscle control, body temp, food water intake, emotions, sleep wake cycle, sexual development & behaviour
cerebrum
most superficial & superior
gyri - elevated tissue
sulci - grooves
fissure - deep groove
lateral fissure,, longitiduinl fissure, central sulcus
insular lobe
cerebrum division
precentral gyrus - primary somatic motor cortex
central sulcus divide frontal lobe & parietal lobe
post central gyrus - primary somatic sensory cortex
frontal - motor function, motivation, planning, mood, smell
parietal - sensory info
cerebrum 2
occipital lobe - visual input - no fissure
temporal - separated by lateral fissure, smell hearing memory
insula - taste info
limbic system
grey matter in cerebrum
memory, motivation , emotion, learning
influences autonomic & endocrine system
meninges
two layer dura mater - pariostial dura (attach skull) & meninges dura (continuous from spinal cord)
sometimes space between dura mater - blood
