endocrine Flashcards
(23 cards)
type chemical communicate
autocrine - release by cell, local effect on same cell type
paracrine - release by cell, effect other cell type, not transported in blood
neurotransmitter- produced by neurones, secreted into extracellular spaces, short distance travel, influence post synaptic cells
endocrine - produced by endocrine gland, ender circulatory system, effect distant cells
hormone secretion type
acute - sudden release due to stimulus
chronic - small variation over long period - thyroid
episodic - estrogen & progesterone
receptor
function endocrine system
metabolism contorl food intake & digestion
tissue amturation
ion regualtion
water balance
heart rate & blood pressure regulation
contorl of blood glucose & nutrients
control reproductive functions
uterine contraction & milk release
immune system regulate
pit gland & hypothalamus
posterior - hormone produce in hypo, stored posterior, action potential cause hormone release
axon tract - hypothalamohypophysial tract
anterior - hypothalamus release releasing and inhibiting hormones
hypothalamohypophysial portal system
hypothalamic hormone
growth hormone-releasing/inhibiting hormone
thyrotropin releasing hormone
melanocyte release hormone
corticotropin releasing hormone - ACTH
gonadotropin releasing hormone
prolactin releasing hormone
dopamine - decreased prolactin secretion
anterior pituitary hormone
growth hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
melanocyte stimulating hormone - produce melanin
luteinising hormone
prolactin
follicle stimulating hormone
tropic vs non tropic **
tropic - stimulate secretion of other someone from age tissues
non tropic - initiate effect
posterior pit hormone
antidiuretic hormone - no pee
oxytocin
growth hormone
stim uptake amino acid - protein synthesis
breakdown fat - energy source
bone & cartilage growth
reg nutrient blood levels after meal
stim liver & skeletal muscle to make IGF-1
peak GH during deep sleep
thyroid stimulating hormone t3 t4
stress and hypothermia cause TRH to ant pit
TRH cause ant pit secrete TSH, general circulation to thyroid gland
TSH increase synthesis & release of t3 & t4 in gen circ
t3 t4 act on target tissue to produce a response
t3 t4 have inhibit effect on secrete TRH from hypothalamus & TSH from ant pit
thyroid gland
v large
highly vascular
only gland that stores hormones
composed follicles - follicular cells surrounding thyroid hormone
iodine & tyrosine needed produce t3 t4
increase rate glucose fat protein metabolism –> inc body temp
normal growth of many tissues
ACTH
superior of kidneys
inner medulla, outer cortex
CRH from hypo cause ant pit release ACTH
cortisol secrete from adrenal cortex
aldosterone secrete from adrenal cortex
cause androgen
acth - cortisol
corticotropin release hormone released from hypothalamus response stress/low blood glucose to ant pit
ant pit secrete ACTH
ACTH bind membrane bound cell adrenal cortex, secrete glucocorticoids, cortisol
cortisol inc lipid & protein breakdown, inc glucose level, anti inflam effects
cortisol neg feed back, inhibit CRH release hypo, ACTH ant pit
adrenal medulla
stress, activity, low blood pressure sugar - stimuli
prepar body physical activity
short lived response
epinephrine & norepinephrine inc heart rate, force contract - cause blood vessels constrict in skin, kidneys, GI etc
adrenal medulla loop
stimulus hypo, inc SNS
inc freq AP SNS stim adrenal medulla secrete epinephrine & norepinephrine
epi & norepi act on target tissue
melanocyte stimulating hormone - msh
acts on receptors in skin cells (melanocytes) and stimulates melanin in skin
role regulating appetite & sexual behaviour
poorly understood
LH & FSH
GnRH from hypo stim LF & FSH secrete
gonadotropins - glycoprotein hormone promote growth & function of gonads
- both hormone regulate produce gametes & reproductive hormone
testosterone, estrogen & progesterone
LH & FSH - testes & ovaries
GnRh from hypo stim secrete ant pit
LH stim testosterone interstitial cells
FSH stim spermatogenesis inhibin
test has stim effect - 2nd sex characteristic
test neeg feedback on hypo - reduce LH FSH secrete
inhibit neg feedback ant pit reduce FSH secrete
prolactin
non tropic hormone, breast milk produce, supply & demand
1 stim nipples by baby suck, action potential sensory neuron connect hypo
2 hypo stim post pit release oxytocin, ant pit prolactin
3 oxytocin stim milk release, prolactin stim ++ milk produce
oxytocin
post pit, non tropic, positive feedback
breast milk release, supply & demand
- stretch uterus, cervix, stim nipple inc AP of oxytocin secrete neuron to hypo
- AP conducted to oxytocin secrete neuron in post pit, secrete oxytocin
4 oxytocin enter circ, inc contract uterus & milk ejection
ADH antidiuretic hormone
vasopressin
reduce urin formation
keep water in body
inc blood volume - bp
hot day/ dehydrated - lots adh
diuretic - tea, coffee alcohol
adh feedback loop
1 osmoreceptor hypothalamus detect change blood osmolarity, bars receptor change bp
2 inc osmolarity dec bp inc action potenital ADH secrete neurons
3 action potential carried to pos pit
4 post pit AP release ADH into blood
5 inc ADH kindly tubules ince water retention, reduced urine volume, inc urine osmolarity -maintain blood osmolarity & volume
pancreas - insulin
located near intestine & stomach - retroperitoneal
exocrine gland - produce pancreatic digestive juice
endocrine gland - pancreatic islets
alpha cells - glucagon
beta cells - insulin
