Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

J Neuro > CNS infections > Flashcards

CNS infections Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

meningitis definition

A

inflammation of meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

encephalitis definition

A

inflammation of the brain parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

brain abscess definition

A

collection of pus

presents lie a stroke bc is focal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which of the following presents diffusely and which presents like a stroke (bc is focal);

meningitis
encephalitis
brain abscess

A

meningitis - diffuse
encephalitis - diffuse
brain abscess - focal (collection of pus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 4 main causes of bacterial meningitis

A

strep pneumoniae
Neisseria meningococcus
haem influenzae
listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

who gets bacterial meningitis caused by strep pneumonia

A

most people! - its the most common cause

also cochlear implants, sinusitis - as its normally found in the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

who gets bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningococcus

A

10-20yos

students

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

who gets bacterial meningitis caused by haem influenzae

A

kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

who gets bacterial meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes (2)

A

immunocompromised people ge HIV, >60yo, alcoholics, pregnant women, neonates

recently eaten soft cheese (or other deli products - grows at fridge temp) - lol our fridge juice is listeria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which bacteria is most the most common cause of bacterial meningitis

A

strep pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which cause of bacterial meningitis is a Gm+ve (purple) diplococci on histology

A

strep pneumonia

2 purple circles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which cause of bacterial meningitis is a Gm-ve (pink)intracellular whisps on histology

A

Neisseria meningococcus

will probs be described not picture bc hard to see whisps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which cause of bacterial meningitis is a Gm-ve (pink) bacilus on histology

A

haem influenzae

pink rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which cause of bacterial meningitis is a Gm+ve bacillus on histology

A

listeria monocytogenes

purple rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

causes of aseptic (non bacterial) meningitis

A

viruses!

enterovirus (ECHO)
EBV
CMV
HIV

travel history important!

also sarcoidosis, cancer, vasculitis…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

do bacterial or aseptic meningitis more classically present with a rash

A

bacterial (though not always)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diagnostic investigation for aseptic meningitis

A

CSF PCR form lumbar puncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

treatment of aseptic (non bacterial) meningitis

A

supportive

IV Aciclovir if ?abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of rash does bacterial meningitis classically present with

A

non blanching purpuric rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does non blanching rash mean

A

when you put a clear glass over it the rash remains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

presentation of meningitis

Study These Flashcards
A 
non blanching purpuric rash - if bacterial 
fever 
seizure 
stiff neck 
headache 
photophobia
22
Q

what is kernigs sign

Study These Flashcards
A

when you get patient to lie down and bend one knee with hip at 90 degrees, then try straighten knee = too painful

23
Q

what is kernigs sign positive of

24
Q

is bacterial or viral meningitis more slow in onset

25
is bacterial or viral meningitis faster in onset
bacterial
26
what other neuro condition does meningitis present similar as (but headache not as bad)
subarachnoid haemrrhage
27
investigations for meningitis
CT and antibiotics first | lumbar puncture - look at CSF
28
what is the purpose of doing a lumbar puncture if youre fairly sure diagnosis is meningitis
differentiates between bacterial and viral - diff treatments
29
cloudy lumbar puncture in meningitis viral/bacterial infection?
bacterial infection
30
clear/translucent lumbar puncture in meningitis viral/bacterial infection?
viral infection
31
what investigations do you want to do after CSF sample obtained for meningitis (6)
``` Gm stain and culture viral PCR cell count - lymphocytes and neutrophils glucose protein pressure ```
32
high neutrophils in meningitis viral/bacterial infection?
bacterial infection
33
high lymphocytes in meningitis viral/bacterial infection?
viral infection think about EBV and its atypical lymphocytes!
34
low glucose (<60% of blood glucose) in CSF in meningitis viral/bacterial infection?
bacterial infection - bc bacteria eat up glucose for energy
35
normal glucose (>60% of blood glucose) in CSF in meningitis viral/bacterial infection?
viral infection - bacteria eats up the glucose = low
36
acute treatment of meningitis
ABCDE | antibiotics and steroids - before you get results back
37
which antibiotic do you give for meningitis
ceftriaxone
38
what do you give alongside the ceftriaxone in ?bacterial meningitis
dexamethasone (steroid)
39
which alternative antibiotic do you give (instead of ceftriaxone) to patient you suspect listeria in who do you suspect listeria in
amoxicillin immunocompromised
40
what would you give instead of antibiotics when you confirm a viral cause of meningitis
acyclovir
41
complication of untreated meningitis
brain abscess sepsis IS A MEDICAL EMERGENCY
42
which CNs are at risk of being damaged if a brain abscess occurs after meningitis
CN III and VI
43
what prophylaxis is given to people who have been in close contact and prolonged exposure with someone with bacterial meningitis
ciprofloxacin
44
what public health intervention is used to try and reduce cases of meningitis
MenACWY vaccines given to adolescents
45
what is the most common cause of encephalitis
herpes simplex virus
46
which lobe is commonly affected in encephalitis
temporal lobe
47
how does encephalitis present
sudden onset fever/flu like illness altered behavior (bc temporal lobe) new onset seizures recent travel!
48
investigations for encephalitis
lumbar puncture CT EEG - for seizures MRI
49
treatment of encephalitis
ABCDE | acyclovir
50
what are the risk factors for developing a brain abscess
current infection eg ear infection, sinusitis jaw trauma someway for bugs to get into cranial cavity!
51
how does a brain abscess look on CT
'ring enhancing lesion' - the contrast cant pass through the centre of the abscess bc so dense = looks like a ring
52
treatment of brain abscess
ceftriaxone IV and metronidazole IV

J Neuro (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions