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CNS Infxn Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Who are at risk for CNS infxn?

A

immunocompromised
young
old

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2
Q

How is the brain protected?

A

skull
dura
BBB

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3
Q

Who is at HIGHEST risk for CNS infxn?

A

infants b/c they do not have a fully developed BBB

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4
Q

How can bacteria be spread?

A

hematogenously
thin bone (sinus)
veins (facial infxn)

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5
Q

What is baceterial meningitis?

A

bacterial infxn of the arachnoid, subarachnoid, CSF

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6
Q

Bacterial meningitis - sx?

A

stiff neck
headache
fever

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7
Q

Bacterial meningitis - PE?

A

Kernigs
Burdzinski
*anything that stretches the dura

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8
Q

Why is there a stiff neck with bacterial meningitis?

A

they cannot move the neck b/c of dura inflammed

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9
Q

Who is at risk of getting bacterial meningitis?

A

YA who live in close areas (colleges students dorming)

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10
Q

Vacciniation for bacterial meningitis?

A

Neisseria menigitidis

H influ

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11
Q

Bacterial meningitis - dx?

A

CSF!!

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis - CSF labs?

A 
\+ neutrophils
high CSF protein
low glucose 
*bacteria eats glucose, poops proteins
CSF culture
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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis - CSF culture? infants, children, adults?

A

infants- E coli, B strep

Children and adults: s. pneumonia, neisseria meningitisis, H influ (vaccine)

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14
Q

Bacterial meningitis - tx?

A

ASAP W/ BROAD ABX!!

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15
Q

Epidural abscess - cx?

A

surgical procedure

infxn from neighboring areas

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16
Q

Epidural abscess - leads to?

A

osteomyelitis

TCB of vertebral column

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17
Q

Subdural abscess/subdural empyema - cx?

A

spread of bacterial infxn from sinuses/middle ear

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18
Q

Spinal empymea - leads to?

A

compression of spinal cord - permenant damage

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19
Q

Intracranial subdural/epidural empyema - leads to?

A

increase in ICP

vomiting, diplopia, papilledema

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20
Q

Subdural abscess/empyema- tx?

A

1) surgical 2) abx IV

* b/c of compression, there is low blood circulation, so abx cannot get there

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21
Q

Brain abscess - cx?

A

bacterial spread from sinus/middle ear infxn

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22
Q

Brain abscess - sx?

A

headache
increased ICP - vomit, nausea, papilledema
seizures
mental status changes

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23
Q

Brain abscess - dx?

A

CT/MRI - DO NOT DO LP!! (CAN CX HEMORRHAGE)

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24
Q

Brain abscess - tx?

A

1) surgical 2) IV abx

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25
CNS spirochete infection?
syphillis | lyme dz
26
CNS spirochete infxn - syphilis result?
Tabes dorsalis
27
CNS spirochete infxn -syphilis sx?
General paresis of the insane | tabes dorsalis
28
Tabes dorsalis?
result of untreated syphilis infects the posterior dorsal column - affects vibration and propioception pain of the sensory
29
General paresis of the insane?
behavior mood changes in syphilis infxted pts | encepahlitis
30
Lyme dz - bug?
tick borne illness d/t borrelia burgodferi
31
Lyme dz - leads to?
neurologic manifestions (neuropathy, meningitis)
32
How to tx syphilis?
PCN
33
CNS viral - cx?
vectors GI tract respiratory tract animal bites
34
CNS viral pathophys?
immune response to viral infxn can lead to tissue damage | more damage from T cell and potent cytokines
35
Aseptic meningitis - sx?
HA | stiff neck
36
Aseptic meningitis - cx?
unknown | maybe theratpuetic drug
37
Aseptic meningitis vs bacterial meningitis - CSF labs?
CSF culture: negative | CSF: incr WBC/pleocytosis (same), elevated protein (same) but normal glucose
38
Encephalitis?
infxn of CNS neurons and glial cells
39
Viral encephalitis - cx?
secondary (common): viral infxn (pneumonia, enteritis) | primary (rare): rabies
40
Viral encephalitis - results?
confusion --> stupor --> seizures --> focal neurological defects --> coma --> death
41
Herpes simplex encephalitis - cx?
``` HSV I (cold sores) HSV II (herpes) primary infxn or viral reactivation in trigeminal ganglion that travels to the brain ```
42
Herpes simplex encephalitis - most common cx?
HSV I
43
Herpes simplex encephalitis - sx?
fever confusion seizures coma
44
Herpes simplex encephalitis - what lobe is affected, role in sx?
frontal: personality changes, dementia, hallucination | temporal lobe
45
Herpes simplex encephalitis - cx in infants?
HSV II | to avoid: C section instead of vaginal birth (infants can get it easier b/c no BBB)
46
Herpes simplex encephalitis - CSF?
pleocytosis | increase protein
47
Herpes simplex encephalitis - dx?
PCR
48
CMV encephalitis?
rare in adults
49
CMV encephalitis - population?
immunocompromised (HIV pts)
50
HIV?
directly infects the CNS
51
CNS arthropod borne virus?
vectors
52
Prion dz?
abnormal form of neuron glycoprotein --> amyloid (neuron degeneration) confined to gray matter --> spongiform encephalopathy
53
Prion dz - sx?
``` prominent personality changes dementia hallucination gait abnormalities seizures ```
54
Prion dz types?
Creutzfeldt Jakob (CJD) Kuru Bonvein Spoinform encephalopathy (mad cow)
55
Prion dz - dx?
brain bx postmortem - r/o other dz
56
CNS fungal infxn - popuatoin?
immunocomporomied AIDs (loss of normla T cells) low WBC
57
CNS fungal infxn - bugs?
candid aspergillus mucormycosis cryptococcus
58
Mycobacterial infxn?
TB meningitis
59
Mycobacterial infxn - sx?
HA confusion CN defects
60
Primary ameobic meningoencephalitis infxn?
rare | HIGH MORTALITY RATE
61
PAM - cx?
free-living ameoba (naegleria flowerir) - lives in freshwater and hot springs
62
PAM - population?
young men playing in American SW waters
63
CSF testing includes?
CBC and diff protein glucose gram stain, C&S

Neurology (13 decks)

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