CNS Organisation

Question 1

brain divisions

Answer 1

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

Question 2

forebrain

Answer 2

cerebrum and diencephalon

Question 3

hindbrain

Answer 3

medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum

Question 4

brainstem

Answer 4

midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 5

protection and surrounding of spinal cord

Answer 5

meninges and CSF

Question 6

how many pairs of cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 6

cranial: 12
spinal: 31

Question 7

division of hemispheres

Answer 7

longitudinal fissure

Question 8

cerebral cortex

Answer 8

layer of grey matter on surface of hemispheres

Question 9

gyri and sulci

Answer 9

gyri: elevations
sulci: depressions

Question 10

central sulcus
lateral sulcus
parieto-occipital sulcus

Answer 10

central sulcus: division of frontal and parietal lobes
lateral sulcus: division of frontal/parietal lobes and temporal lobe
parieto-occipital sulcus: division of parietal and occipital lobes

Question 11

frontal lobe location

Answer 11

anterior to central sulcus and superior to lateral fissure

Question 12

parietal lobe location

Answer 12

posterior to central sulcus and superior to lateral fissure

Question 13

temporal lobe location

Answer 13

inferior to lateral fissure

Question 14

occipital lobe location

Answer 14

posterior to parietal and temporal lobes

Question 15

hippocampus
function and vulnerabilities

Answer 15

rolled in part of cerebral cortex
essential for formation of of new memories
vulnerable to global ischemia and Alzheimer’s

Question 16

glial cells

Answer 16

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia

Question 17

glutamate binding effect on neuron
GABA binding effect on neuron

Answer 17

glutamate: entry of Na+ and post synaptic excitation
GABA: entry of Cl- and post synaptic neuron is inhibited

Question 18

roles of Na/K ATPase and glucose transporters in neuronal membranes

Answer 18

Na/K ATPase: maintains resting membrane potential
glucose transporters: supply of glucose for ATP

Question 19

role of glutamate transporters at the glial neuronal membrane

Answer 19

limit the action of the neurotransmitter

Question 20

division of thalamus and hypothalamus

Answer 20

hypothalamic sulcus

Question 21

thalamus anatomy
hypothalamus anatomy

Answer 21

thalamus: large mass of grey matter on either side of third ventricle
hypothalamus: forms lower part of the lateral wall and floor of third ventricle

Question 22

pons location

Answer 22

inferior to midbrain
superior to medulla oblongata

Question 23

medulla oblongata anatomy

Answer 23

most inferior portion of brain

Question 24

cerebellum anatomy

Answer 24

posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata

Question 25

spinal cord anatomy

Answer 25

continuous with the brain at the foramen magnum tapers off into the conus medullaris

Question 26

midbrain cranial nerves, associated nuclei and fibre tracts

Answer 26

cranial nerves: III, IV associated nuclei: III, IV, V, visual and auditory pathways fibre tracts: ascending and descending fibres

Question 27

pons cranial nerves, associated nuclei and fibre tracts

Answer 27

cranial nerves: V, VI, VII, VIII associated nuclei: V, VI, VII, VIII fibre tracts: ascending and descending fibres

Question 28

medulla oblongata cranial nerves, associated nuclei and fibre tracts

Answer 28

cranial nerves: IX, X, XI, XII associated nuclei: V, IX, X, XI, XII, cardiovasc and resp function fibre tracts: ascending and descending fibres

Question 29

cerebellum anatomy

Answer 29

posterior to the pons and the medulla oblongata midline (vermis) and two hemispheres connected to brainstem