Sensory and motor nerve supply of the head

Question 1

what nerve is the nerve of the first branchial arch

Answer 1

trigeminal

Question 2

trigeminal nerve route

Answer 2

given off from the pons
passes to the middle cranial fossa
gives off three main branches: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular

Question 3

sensory role of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 3

major sensory nerve
external auditory meatus, nose, paranasal sinuses, mouth (except pos 1/3 of tongue), parts of nasopharynx, auditory tube and cranial dura matter

Question 4

motor supply of trigeminal nerve

Answer 4

muscles of mastication

Question 5

trigeminal ganglion cell bodies of sensory fibres that distribute along which branches

Answer 5

ophthalmic nerve (V1)
maxillary nerve (V2)
mandibular nerve (V3)

Question 6

ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve sensory innervation

Answer 6

structures derived from the frontonasal process
skin of face above the eye, eyeball, external nose

Question 7

which nerves supply each limb of the corneal reflex

Answer 7

afferent limb: ophthalmic
efferent limb: facial

Question 8

maxillary nerve sensory supply

Answer 8

structures derived from maxillary process
part of face below eyes, upper lip, palate, paranasal sinuses, upper teeth

Question 9

mandibular nerve sensory supply

Answer 9

structures derived from the mandibular process
lower part of face, lower lip, anterior ear and chin, lower teeth, anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 10

motor supply of maxillary nerve

Answer 10

muscles of mastication
temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid

Question 11

lesion of trigeminal nerve

Answer 11

sensory loss on the face
weakness of the muscles of mastication that manifests as a deviation of the mandible toward the side of the lesion

Question 12

sensory supply pathway of trigeminal nerve

Answer 12

trigeminal ganglion
spinal trigeminal nucleus (via trigeminothalamic tract)
ventroposterior medial nucleus of thalamus
primary somatosensory cortex

Question 13

trigeminal neuralgia
common causes

Answer 13

marked by shock-like pain along nerve, especially radiating to the maxillary or mandibular area

aberrant blood vessels or aneurysms
compressing on trigeminal nerve at base of brain

Question 14

what nerve is the nerve of the second branchial arch

Answer 14

facial nerve

Question 15

facial nerve route

Answer 15

leaves the pons at the pontomedullary junction
enters the internal acoustic meatus
main trunk emerges from stylomastoid foramen to form terminal branches

Question 16

large root of facial nerve

Answer 16

carries motor fibres to muscles of facial expression and stapedius

Question 17

smaller root of facial nerve

Answer 17

nervus intermedius
taste fibres from ant 2/3 of tongue
secretomotor fibres to glands

Question 18

terminal branches of facial nerve

Answer 18

temporal
zygomatic
buccal
marginal mandibular
cervical

Question 19

motor supply of facial nerve to muscles

Answer 19

muscles of facial expression
upper face: frontalis, orbicularis oculi
lower face: zygomaticus major and minor, levator labii superioris, orbicularis oris

stapedius

Question 20

motor supply of facial nerve to glands

Answer 20

parasympathetic supply
lacrimal gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

Question 21

eye blink reflex of facial nerve

Answer 21

mediates closure of orbicularis oculi

Question 22

facial nerve sensory supply

Answer 22

taste fibres from ant 2/3 of tongue

small number of fibres carry sensory fibres from external acoustic meatus and auricle

Question 23

lesion of facial nerve

Answer 23

Bell’s palsy
distortion of the face, drooping of eyebrow, inability to close eye, sagging corner of mouth, inability to smile or blow

loss of taste in ant 2/3 of tongue, decreased salivary secretion and lacrimation, painful sensitivity to sounds

Question 24

effect of facial nerve upper motor neuron lesion

Answer 24

part of the facial motor nucleus supplying the lower face only receives commands, from upper neurons of opposite cortex

part of the nucleus supplying upper face only receives commands from upper neurons from both cortex

paralysis of muscles in lower face but not upper face of opposite side

Question 25

facial nerve upper vs lower motor neuron lesion effect on wrinkles

Answer 25

upper lesion shows wrinkles on both sides lower lesion shows no wrinkles on affected side

Question 26

glossopharyngeal nerve route

Answer 26

given off from medulla oblongata leaves the skull through jugular foramen

Question 27

glossopharyngeal sensory supply

Answer 27

pos 1/3 of tongue (sensation and taste) soft palate, pharynx, middle ear, carotid sinus and body (baro- and chemoreceptors)

Question 28

motor supply of glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 28

one of the muscles of the pharynx parotid gland (secretomotor)

Question 29

glossopharyngeal nerve lesion

Answer 29

loss of afferent limb of gag reflex

Question 30

glossopharyngeal neuralgia

Answer 30

can be caused by pharyngitis manifests as sore throat and severe ear pain without ear infection

Question 31

vagus nerve route

Answer 31

given off from the medulla oblongata leaves the skull through the jugular foramen

Question 32

motor supply of vagus nerve

Answer 32

muscles involved in swallowing and voice production most of soft palate and pharynx muscles, muscles of larynx

Question 33

which nerves mediate each limb of the gag reflex

Answer 33

afferent limb: glossopharyngeal efferent limb: vagus

Question 34

lesion of vagus nerve (head specific)

Answer 34

loss of gag reflex with uvula deviating away from side of lesion, toward intact side dysphagia dysphonia loss of cough and sneeze reflex

Question 35

accessory nerve components

Answer 35

cranial accessory and spinal accessory nerves

Question 36

accessory nerve route

Answer 36

cranial accessory given off from medulla oblongata spinal accessory given off from spinal cord both roots leave the skull through jugular foramen cranial fibres join vagus nerve

Question 37

cranial accessory nerve motor supply

Answer 37

branches of vagus nerve muscles of pharynx and larynx

Question 38

spinal accessory nerve motor supply

Answer 38

sternocleidomastoid trapezius

Question 39

lesion of spinal accessory nerve

Answer 39

torticollis (wry neck) paralysis of sternocleidomastoid and shoulder drop of trapezius

Question 40

hypoglossal nerve route

Answer 40

leaves medulla oblongata passes through hypoglossal canal in the skull

Question 41

hypoglossal motor supply

Answer 41

almost all the muscles of the tongue

Question 42

lesion of hypoglossal nerve

Answer 42

causes tongue to deviate to injured side during protrusion of tongue