Parasympathetic NS

Question 1

parasympathetic effect on:
heart rate
respiratory rate
peristalsis
pupils
secretions

Answer 1

heart rate: decreases
respiratory rate: decreases
peristalsis: occurs
pupils: constrict
secretions: increase

Question 2

where are post synaptic neurons in the PNS found

Answer 2

in the organ itself

Question 3

where are pre-ganglionic neurons of the PNS found

Answer 3

brainstem and sacral part of the spinal cord

Question 4

which cranial nerves are associated with the brainstem cells of the PNS

Answer 4

3rd - supplies eye
7th - supplies eye and mandibles
9th - supplies parotid gland
10th - vagus nerve

Question 5

which spinal segments have PNS nuclei

Answer 5

S2-S4

Question 6

which transmitter is primarily between pre- and post- ganglionic cells in the PNS

Answer 6

ACh

Question 7

which transmitter is primarily between post- ganglionic nerves and the structures they innervate in the PNS

Answer 7

primarily ACh

Question 8

role of the vagus nerve

Answer 8

mostly parasympathetic neurons
swallowing
breathing
larynx
supplies the heart and lungs
abdominal viscera (up to left colic flexure)

Question 9

where are PNS preganglionic cell bodies aggregated

Answer 9

dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve

Question 10

where are post-synaptic PNS cell bodies in the heart

Answer 10

mural parasympathetic ganglia
in the atrial wall and interatrial septum near SA and AV nodes

Question 11

which kind of receptors does Ach bind in the heart
what is the result

Answer 11

muscarinic
slows depolarisation

Question 12

where do PNS ganglia synapse in the lung

Answer 12

pulmonary plexus along the branches of the bronchial tree

Question 13

vagus supply to the lungs roles

Answer 13

motor: smooth muscles of bronchial tree
secretory: glands

Question 14

vagus nerve supply to the GIT

Answer 14

stomach
small intestine
ascending colon and proximal two thirds of the transverse colon

Question 15

where does the PNS synapse in the GIT

Answer 15

submucosal plexus
myenteric plexus

Question 16

sacral parasympathetic outflow

Answer 16

distal third of the transverse colon
descending colon
genital and urinary systems

Question 17

sacral parasympathetic supply to the pelvic and genital regions

Answer 17

pelvic splanchnic nerves
originate from ventral roots of sacral supply

Question 18

pelvic splanchnic nerve synapse locations

Answer 18

mural ganglia of descending colon
ureter
genital organs

Question 19

parasympathetic supply to the bladder

Answer 19

causes contraction of detrusor muscle for micturition

Question 20

effect of parasympathetic supply on external genitalia

Answer 20

causes increased blood flow into cavernous spaces
erection of penis
engorgement of clitoris

Question 21

effect of damage to the pelvis splanchnic nerves or spinal cord injury

Answer 21

loss of control of bladder
loss of stretch reflex

Question 22

which cranial nerves have preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

Answer 22

oculomotor (III)
facial (VII)
glossopharyngeal (IX)
vagus (X)
‘1973’

Question 23

parasympathetic ganglions associated with oculomotor nerve (III)
what is the function

Answer 23

ciliary
intrinsic muscles of the eye

Question 24

parasympathetic ganglions associated with facial nerve
(VII)
what is the function

Answer 24

pterygopalatine
lacrimal gland

submandibular
salivary glands

Question 25

parasympathetic ganglions associated with glossopharyngeal nerve (XI) what is the function

Answer 25

otic parotid gland

Question 26

parasympathetic ganglions associated with vagus nerve (X) what is the function

Answer 26

cardiac and pulmonary plexuses mural ganglia in GIT heart lungs and proximal 2/3 of GIT