CNS Pathology

Question 1

pt with elevated AFP in amniotic fluid and blood, as well as polyhydramnios.

Answer 1

Anencephaly

Question 2

embryonic precursor to PNS

Answer 2

neural crest

Question 3

associated with Neural tube defects

Answer 3

low folate PRIOR to conception

Question 4

caudal neural tube defect with protrusion of meninges

Answer 4

meningocele

Question 5

caudal neural tube defect with protrusion of meninges and spinal cord

Answer 5

meningomyelocele

Question 6

connection from 3rd to 4th ventricle

Answer 6

cerebral aqueduct

Question 7

most common cause of hydrocephalus in newborns

Answer 7

cerebral aqueduct stenosis

Question 8

connects 4th ventricle to subarachnoid space

Answer 8

foramina of magendie and luscha

Question 9

connects lateral ventricles to third ventricle

Answer 9

foramen of monroe

Question 10

congenital failure of cerebellar vermis to develop

Answer 10

dandy walker malformation

Question 11

massively dilated 4th ventricle, absent cerebellum, sometimes with hydrocephalus

Answer 11

dandy walker

Question 12

Congenital extention of the cerebellar tonsils into foramen magnum.

Answer 12

arnold-chiari malformation type 2

Question 13

arnold-chiari associated with…

Answer 13

meningomyelocele and syringomyelia, hydrocephalus

Question 14

cystic degeneration of the spinal cord. usually a result of trauma C8-T1

Answer 14

syringomyelia

Question 15

loss of pain and temp in the upper extremeties. maintain fin touch and position sense

Answer 15

syringomyelia

Question 16

causes of global cerebral ischemia

Answer 16

Low perfusion, low blood flow, chronic hypoxia, repeat hypoglycemia (insulinoma)

Question 17

mild global ischemia

Answer 17

transient confusion and promp recovery

Question 18

severe global ischemia

Answer 18

diffuse necrosis - survival in vegetative state

Question 19

Moderate global ischemia

Answer 19

infarct in watershed areas, and damage to highly vulnerable regions.

Question 20

lens shaped lesion on CT

Answer 20

rupture of middle meningeal artery - epidural bleed

Question 21

crescent shaped hemorrhage on CT

Answer 21

subdural - tearing of bridging veins from dura to arachnoid. elderly cerebral atrophy, shaken baby

Question 22

lethal complication of subdural and epidural hematoma

Answer 22

herniation

Question 23

compression of brain stem leading to cardiopulmonary arrest

Answer 23

tonsillar herniation

Question 24

infarction of anterior cerebral artery from

Answer 24

subfalcine herniation of cingulate gyrus

Question 25

preceeds infarction of occipital lobe by affect on PCA

Answer 25

uncal herniation

Question 26

leads to Duret hemorrhage - rupture of paramedian artery

Answer 26

uncal herniation of temporal lobe

Question 27

eye is down and out with dilated pupil,

Answer 27

uncal herniation and compression of CNIII

Question 28

associated with HLA-DR2

Answer 28

MS

Question 29

most common cronic CNS disease of young adults

Answer 29

MS

Question 30

MRI shows white matter plaques.

Answer 30

MS

Question 31

Lumbar puncture shows increased lymphocytes, oligoclonal IgG bands, myelin basic protein.

Answer 31

MS

Question 32

acute and long term tx of MS

Answer 32

high dose steroids, interferon beta

Question 33

slow progression infection of grey and white matter - viral inclusions in the neurons and oligodendrocytes.

Answer 33

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis - measles

Question 34

immunosuppressed pt with rapidly progressive neurological signs.

Answer 34

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - JC virus of oligodendrocytes

Question 35

rapid IV correction of hyponatremia that leads to pontine demyelination.

Answer 35

central pontine myelinolysis

Question 36

pt presents with acute bilateral paralysis - "locked in" syndrome

Answer 36

central pontine myelinolysis

Question 37

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Answer 37

MS of MLF medial longitudinal fasciculus - cannot follow lateral viewing with the contralateral eye.

Question 38

common consideration other than alcoholism for scanning speech

Answer 38

MS

Question 39

metastatic tumors to the brain are generally located...

Answer 39

at the grey matter/ white matter junction.

Question 40

commons metastatic tumors to brain

Answer 40

lung breast and kidney

Question 41

primary tumors of the brain have 5 origins

Answer 41

astrocytes, meningothelial cells, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, or neuroectoderm

Question 42

supratentorial primary tumors are usually

Answer 42

adults

Question 43

infratentorial primary tumors

Answer 43

children

Question 44

three most common brain tumors in adults

Answer 44

glioblastoma multiforme, meningioma, and schwannoma

Question 45

3 most common primary tumors in children

Answer 45

pilocytic astrocytoma, ependymoma, and medulloblastoma.

Question 46

most common malignant primary CNS tumor in adults

Answer 46

GBM

Question 47

pt with pseudopallisaiding

Answer 47

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