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Pharm Exam 3 > CNS stimulants and depressants > Flashcards

CNS stimulants and depressants Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

CNS stimulants

A

ADHD
narcolepsy
reversal of respiratory distress

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2
Q

Three categories of CNS stimulants

A

amphetamines (acts on cerebral cortex)
analeptics/ caffeine (acts on brainstem and medulla)
anorexiants (act on satiety center in hypothalamic and limbic areas)

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3
Q

ADHD patho

A

dysregulation of transmitters

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4
Q

ADHD epidemiology

A

usually occurs before 7
more common in males/ boys

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5
Q

ADHD characteristics

A

inattentiveness
inability to concentrate
restlessness
hyperactivity
impulsivity
inability to complete tasks

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6
Q

narcolepsy

A

recurrent attacks of drowsiness and sleep during normal walking activities
falling asleep while
driving
talking
eating
standing

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7
Q

amphetamine action

A

stimulate release of norepi and dopamine
inhibit reuptake of norepi and dopamine

High potential for abuse

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8
Q

amphetamine side effects

A

tachycardia
palpitations
hypertension
restlessness
irritability
blurred vision
insomnia
dry mouth
anorexia
ED

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9
Q

amphetamine-like drugs for ADHD

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)

increase attention span and performance
decrease hyperactivity and impulses

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10
Q

amphetamine-like drugs for narcolepsy

A

methylphenidate (Ritalin)
modafinil (Provigil)

increase wakefulness

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11
Q

Methylphenidate action

A

Ritalin
modulates serotonergic pathways by affecting changes in dopamine transport
ADHD
narcolepsy

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12
Q

methylphenidate interactions

A

caffeine increases effects
may decrease antihypertensives
increase effects of oral anticoags, anticonvulsants, MAOIs, and tricyclic
may alter insulin effects

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13
Q

Methylphenidate side effects

A

tachy
palpitations
dyrhythmias
irritablity
resltessness
tremors
headache
euphoria
confusion
seizures
dry mouth
vomiting
ED

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14
Q

Anorexiants

A

cause stimulant effect on hypothalamic and limbic areas of the brain to suppress appetite
do not give to children under 12

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15
Q

anorexiants side effects

A

nervousness
irritability
insomnia
techy
hypertension
palpitations
seizures

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16
Q

Analeptics

A

caffeine

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17
Q

analeptics side effects

A

palpitations
tachy
dysrhythmias
insomnia
nervousness
restlessness
tremors
seizures

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18
Q

Spinal blocks

A

penetration of the anesthetic to the subarachnoid membrane

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19
Q

epidural block

A

placement of local anesthetic in the epidural space

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20
Q

caudal block

A

placed near the sacrum

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21
Q

saddle block

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A

Administered at the lower end of the spinal column to blocked the perineal area

22
Q

spinal anesthesia

Study These Flashcards
A

local anesthetic injected into the subarachnoid space
side effects
headache
hypotension
respiratory distress

23
Q

local anesthetics

Study These Flashcards
A

block pain at the site where the drug is administered
consciousness is maintained

24
Q

local anesthetic use

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A

dental procedures
suturing skin
minor surgery (short term)
nerve blocks
diagnostic procedures (lumbar puncture/ thora)
regional blocks

25
local anesthetic groups
2 esters amides low incidence of allergic reaction lidocaine procaine
26
types of anesthetics
general depresses cns alleviates pain causes loss of consciousness local pain relief in limited area
27
anesthetic route of admin
inhalation IV PO topical local spinal
28
Benzodiaepines action
for sleep disorders and anxiety CS schedule IV drugs
29
Benzodiazepines
loraepam (ativan) diazepam (valium) flurazepam (dalmane) alprezolam (xanazx) temazepam (resoril) triazolam (hilcion) estazolam (prosom) quazepam (doral)
30
nonbenzodiapzimines action
neurotransmitter inhibition cns depression duration 4- 6 hours used to treat short-term insomnia CS IV
31
nonbenzodiazepine
zolpidem (Ambien)
32
Melatonin agonists
Ramelteon (Rozerem) first FDA hypnotic, not CS targets melatonin receptors regulates circadian rhythm short half-life of 1 - 2.5 hours
33
melatonin agonist's side effects
dizziness fatigue headache nausea suicidal thoughts
34
balanced anesthesia may include
hypnotic given the night before premedication short-acting barbiturate inhaled gas muscle relaxants are given as needed
35
Stages of general anesthesia
STAGE ONE: analgesia (loss of consciousness STAGE 2: excitement or delirium (depression of cerebral cortex short induction time) STAGE 3: surgical (the stage where surgery is performed, shallow but fast RR) STAGE 4: medullary paralysis (toxic stage of anesthesia RR lost and cardiovascular collapse)
36
inhalation anesthetics
halothane, methoxyflurane, enflurane provides smooth induction usually combined with nonbarbiturate (propofol) analgesic (morphine) muscle relaxant (pancuronium) consciousness reoccurs an hour after discontinuation
37
inhalation anesthetics side effects
respiratory depression hypotension dysrhythmias hepatic dysfunction malignant hyperthermia
38
Intravenous Anesthetics
IV Ketamine, etomidate, droperidol -rapid onset short duration Midazolam (versed) Propofol (diprivan) -patient sedated and relaxed by responsive
39
topical anesthetics use
mucous membranes broken or unbroken skin surfaces burns Decrease sensitivity of nerve endings in the affected area
40
topical anesthetic forms
solution liquid spray ointment cream gel powder
41
balanced anesthesia premedication
opioid or analgesic or benzodiazepine anticoholinergic
42
Respiratory CNS stimulant use
Post-anesthesia respiratory depression IV doxapram (dopram)
43
respiratory CNS stimulant side effects
headache dizziness confusion tachycardia flushing sweating
44
CNS depressants
sedative-hypnotics anesthetics
45
CNS depressant use
decrease the perception of pain induce sleep and relaxation decrease LOC decrease muscle tone reduce impulses to the brain
46
insomnia
more common in females treatment sedative hypnotics
47
insomnia nonpharm management
get up at the same time each day no naps warm fluids to drink avoid caffeine 6 hours before bedtime avoid heavy meals and exercise before bed warm bath quiet environment
48
sedative
produce mildest form of CNS depression
49
sedative-hypnotics
barbiturates benzodiazapines nonbenzodiazepines
50
sedative-hypnotics side effects
residual drowsiness vivid dreams/ nightmares drug dependence drug tolerance excessive depression respiratory depression hypersensitivity withdraw symptoms
51
barbiturates interactions
alcohol opioids other sedative-hypnotics
52
barbiturates
short or intermediate-acting short term use CS 2, 3, 4

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