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Pharm Exam 3 > Musculoskeltetal drugs > Flashcards

Musculoskeltetal drugs Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Over Activity of Osteoclast
Increase the risk of FX
loss in bone density

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2
Q

BMP peaks around?

A

80 y/o

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3
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone-building cells

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4
Q

Osteoclast

A

Break down bones

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5
Q

Resorption

A

Breaking down the bone, let the calcium out

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6
Q

Osteopenia

A

Low BMP

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7
Q

Calcium for men 51-70

A

1000mg a day

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8
Q

Calcium

A

Builds bones

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9
Q

Calcium for everyone over 70

A

1200mg

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10
Q

Vitamin D

A

D5, sun to convert vitamin D to be useable

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11
Q

Smoking

A

affects and decreases vitamin d absorption

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12
Q

Alcohol

A

Decreases calcium absorption

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13
Q

Hormone Therapy

A

no longer recommended to treat
used to prevent

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14
Q

Osteoporosis drugs

A

Bisphosphonates
SERMS (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators)

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15
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

inhibits resorptions of bones by inhibiting osteoclast activity

Should not be taken with NSAIDs, aspirin, antacids

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16
Q

Bisphosphonates side effects

A

Gi distress
esophageal inflammation
difficultly swallowing
reflux
ulcers

Sit or stand 30 mins after taking (harsh on esophagus)

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17
Q

Bisphosphonates contraindications

A

esophageal abnormalities
delayed emptying of the stomach
inability to sit or stand for 30 mins

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18
Q

Bisphosphonates meds

A

Alendronate (Fosamax)- taken daily or weekly
Ibandronate Sodium (Boniva)- Orally monthly or IV every 3 months
Risedronate (Actonel)- taken orally daily or weekly
Zoledronic Acid (Reclast)- administered IV yearly (for treatment)

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19
Q

SERMs

A

Acts like estrogen on certain parts of the body while not affecting other parts (it does not affect endometrium)
increase bone mineral density decreases bone turnover and redices vertebral FX

Raloxifene (Evista)- Orally daily

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20
Q

SERMs side effects

A

the benefit of decreasing incidence of breast cancer

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21
Q

Vitamin D Function

A

Regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
Needed to absorb calcium from GI tract

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21
Q

SERMs contraindications

A

history of DVT
use with caution in cardiac patients

Take with calcium and Vitamin D

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22
Q

Vitamin D

Study These Flashcards
A

taken orally
Hypervitaminosis D
Hypercalcemia
Anorexia
v/ n

RDA
600 IU- 19- 70 daily
800 IU- 70+ daily

23
Q

Calcium

Study These Flashcards
A

Electrolyte
Normal Serum range- 8.6 to 10.2

24
Calcium Function
promote normal nerce and muscle activity aids in heart contractions maintains normal cellular permeability promotes blood clotting promotes bone and teeth formation
25
Hypocalcemia
less than 8.6mg/dl signs and symptoms bone fx anxiety irritability tetany decreased cardiac output EKG changes dysrhythmias
26
Calcium Admin for Hypocalcemia
to correct deficit or prevent osteoporosis oral (calcium with salt) IV (calcium chloride or calcium gluconate)
27
Hypercalcemia
more than 10.2mg/dl Signs and symptoms fatigue muscle weakness depressed reflexes confusion impaired memory GI distress N/ V/ D EKG changes dysrhythmias kidney stones
28
Hypercalcemia TX
treat underlying cause flush excess with IV fluids
29
Acetaminophen
Not an NSAID Action- inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Hepatotoxic Uses muscle aches pain fever Max dose 4g/ daily if taken frequently/ 2g a day
30
Acetaminophen Effects
rash headache insomnia Gi distress
31
Acetaminophen Toxic effects
hepatoxicity renal failure thrombocytopenia hemolytic anemia agranulocytosis leukopenia neutropenia
32
Opioid Analgesics
Use- moderate to severe pain Possess antidiarrheal effects
33
opioid analgesic action site
Acts on CNS suppress pain impulsis suppress respiration and coughing by acting on respiratory and cough centers in the medulla
34
Opioid analgesic contraindications/ side effects
Head Injury Side effects N/ V constipation decrease in blood pressure orthostatic hypotension respiratory depression urinary retention antitussive effects Drug tolerance withdraw symptoms (after stopping) twitching increased pulse increased hr
35
Morphine
opiod analgesic PO, IV, IM
36
Morphine side effects
drowsiness dizziness euphoria confusion depression miosis blurred vision GI distress flatulence constipation orthostatic hypotension weakness urinary retention respiratory depression
37
Meperidine
One of the first synthetic opioids IV, IM, PO less constipation preferred during pregnancy can decrease bp
38
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
semisynthehetic opioid similar to morphine analgesic effect is 6 times more potent than morphine with fewer hypnotic effects faster onset shorter duration PO, Rectal, IM, IV
39
Hydromorphone side effects
drowsiness dizziness confusion orthostatic hypotension weakness constipation miosis tolerance dependence respiratory depression urinary retention
40
Combination Drugs
Hydrocondone and Ibuprofen Acetaminophen and condeine decreases the risk of dependency
41
Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)
Morphine is commonly used predetermined safety limits loading dose locked mechanism near-constant analgesic level
42
Transdermal Opioid Analgesics
around-the-clock pain control fentanyl more potent than morphine exercise caution when prescribing fentanyl for patients with less than 100 pounds
43
adjuvant therapies
typically used along with a nonopioid and opioid examples anticonvulsants antidepressants corticosteroids antidysrhythmics local anesthetics
44
Opioid Agonists- Antagonsist examples
pentazocine butorphanol tartrate budprenorphine nalbuphine hydrochloride not given for cancer pain safe for use during labor safety during early pregnancy not established
45
Opioid antagonsits action
blocks receptor and displaces opioid
46
opioid antagonists use
antidote for opiate overdonses reverse effects of opiates, including respiratory depression, depression, hypotension
47
opioid meds
naloxone (Narcan) IV, IM naltrexone hydrochloride (ReVia) PO, IM
48
opioid antagonist's side effects/ adverse reactions
sweating flushing agitation dyspnea hypo/hyperthyroidism tachycardia N/ V elevated PTT bleeding reversal of analgesiaia Monitor vitals and bleeding continuously.
49
Non-opioid analgesic
less potent than opioids used to treat mild to moderate pain some OTC, some prescription
50
Acute Pain
sudden onset, treatable, less than a month
51
Chronic Pain
Persistent pain that lasts longer than treatment time, longer than 3 to 6 months
52
Cancer Pain
pain related to cancer
53
Somatic Pain
pain from injury to the bone
54
Superficial Pain
pain in the mucous membrane/ skin
55
Vascular Pain
pain to the vessels/ poor circulation
56
Visceral Pain
Pain in the organs

Pharm Exam 3 (5 decks)

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