Coastal Change and Conflict

Question 1

what is a concordant coastline?

Answer 1

a coastline made up of the same rock type, parallel to the sea

Question 2

how do concordant coastlines erode?

Answer 2

usually at the same time due to the same rock type

Question 3

what is a disconcordant coastline?

Answer 3

a coastline made up of altering rock type in layers perpendicular to the sea

Question 4

how do disconcordant coastlines erode?

Answer 4

usually irregularly due to the different rock types

Question 5

what is a destructive wave?

Answer 5

a wave with a weak swash and a strong backwash

Question 6

what do destructive waves do to a beach?

Answer 6

erode it as materials are dragged from the beach into the sea

Question 7

what is a constructive wave?

Answer 7

a wave with a strong swash and a weak backwash

Question 8

what do constructive waves do to a beach?

Answer 8

build it up as materials are deposited from the sea onto the beach

Question 9

how do cold temperatures erode a coastline?

Answer 9

freeze thaw weathering occurs- water enters the faults in a rock and freezes, expanding the rock

Question 10

how does intense rainfall erode a coastline?

Answer 10

the soil becomes saturated leading the mass movement down slopes as it becomes so heavy

Question 11

what is thermal expansion?

Answer 11

water from melted glaciers enters the sea so the sea level rises

Question 12

how does thermal expansion erode the coastline?

Answer 12

more water means more processes such as abrasion, attrition, corrosion and hydraulic action can occur

Question 13

how does the spring tide erode the coastline?

Answer 13

the moon’s gravity is more intense so the sea levels are higher

Question 14

what is mass movement?

Answer 14

the downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity

Question 15

what is slumping?

Answer 15

rock becomes saturated and slides down a slope

Question 16

what is sliding?

Answer 16

loosened rocks suddenly tumble down a slope

Question 17

what is coastal retreat?

Answer 17

when the coastline moves further inland

Question 18

how are bays formed?

Answer 18

the rapid erosion of soft rock

Question 19

how are headlands formed?

Answer 19

the parts of harder rock left sticking out after the soft rock underneath it has eroded

Question 20

on what type of coastline would you find a bay or a headland?

Answer 20

disconcordant

Question 21

how are caves formed?

Answer 21

the waves erode a fault in the rock

Question 22

how are arches formed?

Answer 22

2 caves erode either side of the headland and meet in the middle

Question 23

how are stacks formed?

Answer 23

when an arch erodes and collapses

Question 24

how are stumps formed?

Answer 24

when a stack is further eroded

Question 25

on what type of coastline would you find caves, arches, stacks and stumps?

Answer 25

concordant

Question 26

what is a wave-cut notch?

Answer 26

the undercutting of a cliff due to the harder rock being above the softer rock

Question 27

what is a wave-cut platform?

Answer 27

an area of flat rock at the base of a cliff due to a wave-cut notch eroding further

Question 28

what is long shore drift?

Answer 28

the transport of sand and pebbles along a beach

Question 29

how does long shore drift occur?

Answer 29

prevailing winds cause waves to approach the beach at an angle, carrying sediment along the beach in a zigzag fashion

Question 30

what is a spit?

Answer 30

a platform that sticks out on a beach

Question 31

how is a spit formed?

Answer 31

long shore drift carries sediment and deposits it at the end of a beach

Question 32

what is a bar?

Answer 32

an area of sediment connecting one side of the beach to the other

Question 33

how is a bar formed?

Answer 33

a spit grows due to long shore drift

Question 34

what is traction?

Answer 34

the process by which large boulders are rolled along the sea bed by waves

Question 35

what is saltation?

Answer 35

smaller stones bounce along the sea bed

Question 36

what is suspension?

Answer 36

smaller particles carried along the sea bed by a flow

Question 37

what is solution?

Answer 37

minerals are dissolved and carried along a sea bed

Question 38

what is deposition?

Answer 38

the process by which sediment is carried long a sea bed by constructive waves

Question 39

what is a beach?

Answer 39

a collection of sediment particles formed by transportation

Question 40

how does human development impact the coast?

Answer 40

impermeable surfaces prevent infiltration so more flooding will occur

Question 41

how does industry impact the coast?

Answer 41

can cause air, soil, water and noise pollution

Question 42

how does agriculture impact the coast?

Answer 42

soil erosion is increased

Question 43

how does coastal management impact the coast?

Answer 43

reduces risk of coastal flooding

Question 44

how does tourism impact the coast?

Answer 44

increased desire to protect the coast

Question 45

how do sea walls defend the coast?

Answer 45

they prevent water from eroding the cliffs

Question 46

how do groynes defend the coast?

Answer 46

prevents the sea removing sand

Question 47

how does beach replenishment defend the coast?

Answer 47

sand reduces wave energy and maintains tourism

Question 48

how does slope stabilization defend the coast?

Answer 48

reduces slippage