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Geography > Geology of the UK > Flashcards

Geology of the UK Flashcards

1
Q

what is meant by geology

A

rock type

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2
Q

how are igneous rocks formed

A

molten magma cooling

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3
Q

how are sedimentary rocks formed

A

sediment at the bottom of lakes compress to form rock

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4
Q

how are metamorphic rocks formed

A

subjected to heat and pressure in large amounts

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5
Q

what type of rock is the majority of the UK

A

sedimentary

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6
Q

what is glaciation

A

ice from the ice age melts and erodes the sides of upland valleys causing them to change from a v shape to a u shape

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7
Q

what are slope processes

A

excess rain saturates rocks and dislodges soil particles causing landslide and rock falls

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8
Q

what are weathering processes

A

biological, chemical, physical

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9
Q

what is biological weathering

A

tree rocks force cracks in rock

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10
Q

what is chemical weathering

A

rain water is slightly acidic due to carbon dioxide in the air causing rocks to erode

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11
Q

what is physical weathering

A

caused by physical changes such as temperature

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12
Q

what are scree?

A

angular pieces of rock

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13
Q

how does physical weathering take place in the lake district?

A

freezing temperatures cause water in rocks to freeze and crack

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14
Q

what glacial processes take place in the lake district?

A

‘v’ shaped valleys turn into ‘u’ shaped valleys as ice eroded the valley sides

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15
Q

what slope processes occur in the lake district?

A

landslides are common due to the steep gradient and rain dislodging rock

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16
Q

what weathering processes occur in the weald?

A

calcium carbonate causes chemical weathering

biological weathering as tree roots break rock

17
Q

what is scarp and vale topography?

A

a landscape consisting of steep slopes but also small dips

18
Q

what past glacial river processes have occurred in the weald?

A

water in chalk froze making it impermeable

fresh water formed and soaked into the chalk

19
Q

what slope processes occur in the weald?

A

soil creep as rain dislodges soil particles

20
Q

what are used as field boundaries in upland areas?

A

dry stone walls

21
Q

what are used as field boundaries in lowland areas?

A

hedges

22
Q

what type of farming is common in upland areas?

A

sheep farming

23
Q

what type of farming is common in lowland areas?

A

crop farming

24
Q

what is the land relief like in upland areas?

A

high

25
Q

what is the land relief like in lowland areas?

A

low

26
Q

what is the geology like in upland areas?

A

igneous, metamorphic

27
Q

what is the geology like in lowland areas?

A

sedimentary

Geography (8 decks)

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