Coastal Landscapes in the UK

Question 1

Define Coastline

Answer 1

Where the land meets the sea

Question 2

What causes waves?

Answer 2

Friction with the wind blowing over the sea. Friction with the waters surface causes ripples to form which can then develop into waves.

Question 3

Define Wavelength

Answer 3

The horizontal distance between 2 successive crests.

Question 4

Wave height

Answer 4

The vertical distance from trough to crest

Question 5

Wave Frequency

Answer 5

The number of waves breaking per minute

Question 6

Crest

Answer 6

The top of a wave

Question 7

Trough

Answer 7

The base of a wave

Question 8

The Fetch

Answer 8

The maximum distance of open sea that wind can blow over

Question 9

Swash

Answer 9

The forward movement of water up a beach as a wave breaks.

Question 10

Backwash

Answer 10

The Retreat of a wave back towards the sea.

Question 11

Wave strength effected by the wind

Answer 11

Stronger wind and a longer fetch leads to stronger waves as more energy has been transferred to the surface of the sea.

Question 12

Wind duration influence the wave strength

Answer 12

The longer the wind is blowing the more energy is transferred to the sea

Question 13

The fetch influence the strength of the wave

Answer 13

The longer the fetch, the more energy is transferred to the water, therefore the greatest chance of stronger waves, especially if there are storms.

Question 14

Why do waves break?

Answer 14

In open water waves move in a circular motion as soon as they begin to approach the shore and cause friction with the sea bed the top of the wave begins to move at a faster speed than the base due to friction. Causing the waves to rise up and break on the sore.

Question 15

Different types of waves

Answer 15

Constructive and destructive

Question 16

Destructive characteristics (9)

Answer 16

1-Stronger backwash than swash.
2- Removes material from the beach
3- most common in winter and during storms
4- wave hight is over 1 metre.
5- steep wave front
6- High wave frequency
10-14 times per minute
7- Short wavelength
8- Steep beach
9- High energy.

Question 17

Constructive waves characteristics (9)

Answer 17

1-Stronger swash than backwash.
2- Places material from the beach
3- most common in summer
4- wave height is under 1 metre.
5- Gentle wave front
6- Low wave frequency
8-10times per minute
7- Long wavelength
8- Gentle slopping beach
9- Low energy.

Question 18

Types of weathering 2

Answer 18

Physical/Mechanical - Chemical

Question 19

Weathering Define

Answer 19

Involves the decomposition of rock in its original place at or close to the ground surface.