London Flashcards
(50 cards)
1
Q
What is urban change
A
Any change or development in an urban Enviroment that brings about a growth or decline in an urban area
2
Q
- Why has London Changed
A
- Increases population, spacity of housing so increase prices.
- Increased job opps
- Population is increasingly ethically diverse
- London has a Youthful Population
- Travel connections are larger than ever to other parts of the world or the country.
- Industrial areas are turning into new and exiting neighbourhoods e.g. Canary Warf - 100,000 employed.
3
Q
What is the biggest factor to the increasing london population 2012-2015
A
-Natural increase and international migration
4
Q
How has natural increase happened in London
A
- Youthful population, settling and having children
5
Q
What impact does international migration have
A
- small, many people migrate in but also many people migrate out and cause an overall decrease in international migration population. eg 2017
6
Q
Why does international migration increase the population of children
A
- many intenational migrants are young and loking for exiting new challenges so are of child bearing age so children will also increase.
7
Q
How does the population pyramid look for london
A
8
Q
What impact might international migration have on London
A
- Becoming more diverse there will be different types of ethnicities and traditions across the country.
- Cultural mix will increase, increased knowledge and understanding of other cultures.
- Increase different types of celebrations - “Diwali”
- Opportunities to participate in other cultural events such as Chinese new year and Notting hill carnival.
-Different cuisine and foods from different cultures e.g. Bangladeshi from brick lane.
9
Q
Roughly what is the ethnic population composition in london
A
- 45 % white uk
15% white other
13% South asian
13% Black
5% mixed
10% other
10
Q
What are the 5 major opportunity’s for living in London
A
- Cultural mix
- Recreation and Entertainment
- Employment opportunities
- Transport
- Urban Greening
11
Q
What is Cultural mix
A
- The mix of people from different cultures ethnicities and backgrounds
12
Q
What is multi culturalism
A
refers to a country or a place of all cultures having equal mesures and rights and oppertunitys and do not have to sacrifice their identity for it.
13
Q
Advantages of cultural mix
A
- Greater exposure to foods,
languages, backgrounds and cultures - NOTTINGHILL CARNEVAL
14
Q
Challenges of cultural mix
A
- Intergration and having pockets of diffrent cultures
- language barriers
- isolated communitys
- resentment from og residents
15
Q
What did the 2011 cencus reveal about londons cultural mix
A
- 30% of londoners are born outside the UK
- 46% identify as black/asian/mixed or other ethinc groups
16
Q
Recreation and entertainment in London
A
- Football
- Wimboldon tenis
- Olympic park
- Bars and restrants
- Cinima /thertre
- tourisum attractions
(Big ben, buckimham palce, london eye)
17
Q
What employment oppertunitys are there around the world
A
- 46% of the uks GDP from London and the financial insurance activities sector
-Highly skilled workers attracted due to businesses and TNC - Financials centres Eg - Canary wharf =100,000 employs.
- City of london
18
Q
WHat does integrated transport mean
A
- That it is possible to travel all over the country using different transport vessels eg - bus - Underground - Boris bike
19
Q
Does london Have and inegrated transport system
A
- Yes, connected to other big city’s via train, motorways and airports.
- TFL ( transport for London) controls a lot of the British transport stages.
- London red bus
- Cycle supper highways
- Docklands and railways
- London’s overground
20
Q
What is urban greening
A
- The prosses of creating cities and urban areas that are more beneficial to the environment ( increasing the green space)
21
Q
How does london support urban greening
A
- Allotments 40,000 t grow own food and produce, could sell on? (Good for physical and mental health)
- Using canals river boats of green gardens and space
- Water habitats act as a carbon store
- Creates rooftop spaces
- 700Green rooves 175,000 m2
22
Q
Why is urban greening good in big cities
A
- Physical and mental health
- Good for the people
- Good for reductions in greenhouse gasses and c02 levels in big cities
23
Q
Social oppertunities in London
A
- Cultural mix of people
- Healthcare quality
- Schooling and education
- Sports oppertunitys
24
Q
Economic oppertuinties
A
TNC s hiring work
- setting up own buisness
- High paying jobs ( canary wharf and The city of london)
- Selling and manufacturing
25
Enviromental oppertunities
Large parks
- More public transport meaning less overall polution and congestion
- Green roof top spaces
- Allotments to provide food and cleaner air
26
Challenges associated with urban growth
- Social deprivation
- Schooling
- House prices increasing#
- Space
-Air quality
- Employment and growth challenges
-Enviromental challenges co2 and Brownfeild sites
27
What is social deprevation
- The extent of which a community or person has the lack of basic nessesitys of a decent life, eg (Work, money, housing and services)
28
Why has london got a varied rate of Social deprevation
- In large big city areas there is very little Social deprivation but London is heavily split and due to the extreme costs that Central London has it can cause Large standards of social deprivation.
29
What 2 factors can effect social deprevation in london
- Housing tenure and environmental quality
30
What 4 indicators can we see in the 2011 census for social deprivation in London
- Life Expectancy
- Unemployment
- 5+ GCSE grades
- Household income
31
London Corrilations in Net household income, life expectancy and GCSE grades
- Net household income increases further south and along the river bank, East and west split. Money Decreases further east
Inequality is distributed
- East have lower life expectancy compared to the NW
- Further from the west you go the lower the GCSE grades are
32
How does life expectancy change the futher along the tube you ride east
- 96.4 years - 75.3 years
life expectancy can drasticly change from a 20 min ride on the tube towards the east decreases
33
What is the housing pattern like in london
- Majority rent and its over 1/2 of there weekly pay to afford it. Higher house prices here than in any other country.
- There is major inequality some will live in the most expensive properties in the planet and others will live in poor small quality apartments.
34
How does education change
Children across London get the largest verities of grades across the county
- How ever some of London smallest boroughs are developing now to have the fastest changing results in London.
35
How does health change
-Better funded hospitals in the centre of London
- West lives longer than the East, the % of people reporting bad health in the East was greater than in the west.
36
Employment
Unemployment is a major issue around London one of the most places in the UK the unemployment rate in London was 10% compared to the UK 8.4 %
37
What is dereliction
- The decline or deteriation of industrial sites that due to the deindustrialisation are no longer used. eg Factory sites THIS IS CALLED BROWNFEILD LAND
38
WHAT IS BROWNFEILD LAND
Derilict land that has been left due to deindustrialisation
39
Is there a housing problem/ shortage in London, Why and Where?
- YES, London has a growing population of 100,000 a year due to immigration yet there is only 20,000 now houses being built per year. - Also due to life expectancy increasing and more people wanting to live on their own
- SE and high property prices due to demand
40
What is a green belt site
-A protected and undeveloped part or section of land like a woodland, field or farm track , it is prevented from building and development by the law unless the government deems it necessary to build upon.
41
What is a greenfeild site
Land that has not been developed on previously
42
What is a brownfeild site
- A site of industrialisation or old building in the inner city area that is being re- built.
43
Why is building on the green belt Controversial
- People believe that it is important to have open green areas, for wildlife and climate change as well as public pleasure.
- There has been an increasing demand for the people to live in the outer city for family units as well.
- Tech companies often like it as it is cheaper and often more assessable.
44
Benefits of developing on the Green field site
No need to clear old buildings – cheaper and quicker to develop.
Layout can be planned more efficiently (e.g., wider roads, modern infrastructure).
- Often easier access tot he motorway and transport.
Often more attractive environment – appeals to buyers.
Potential for larger plots – more space for gardens, parking, etc.
45
Costs of developing on the Green feild sites
Loss of natural habitats, open space, and biodiversity.
Encourages urban sprawl – cities spread into countryside.
Can increase commuting distances and traffic congestion, public transport oftern worse = cars = pollution
Opposition from environmentalists and local residents.
- Unlikely to go back to how it was before
46
Benefits of developing the brownfield sites
Reduces urban sprawl by reusing existing land.
Often close to city centres – better transport links and infrastructure. CBD acsess
Helps to regenerate derelict areas – improves urban environment.
Preserves green space and countryside.
May receive government grants or incentives for redevelopment.
47
Costs of developing Brownfeild sites
- Need demolishing
- Grounds may need decontaminating
- more expensive land
48
What is urban sprawl
- Building on the rural urban fringe, on green belt and greenfield sites despite the legislation. DUE TO LACK OF HOUSING AND AND COST OF HOUSING
49
What are the effects of urban sprawl
- Extra cost to the tax payer (pay for the development)
- Increased traffic
( extra traffic due to further distance means more pollution and more accidents)
- Health issues (Increased air pollution and higher blood pressure due to harder commute)
- Environmental issues ( destruction of the land, displaced animals from the habitats and increased Green house gasses)
- Increase flood risk (impermeable surfaces faster runoff)
- Improved services (more people more demand = better services)
50
