coasts🏝️

Question 1

fetch

Answer 1

is the distance over which the wind blows

Question 2

swash

Answer 2

the forward movement of water towards the land

Question 3

backwash

Answer 3

the water that rolls back into the sea after a wave breaks

Question 4

destructive waves

Answer 4

> have a short wave length
operate in storm conditions
travel quickly and come at a rate of 10-15 per minute
occur when wave energy is high and the wave has traveled over a long fetch
erosion of the beach
swash is weaker

Question 5

constructive waves

Answer 5

> operate in calm weather
there is a longer time between them 6-8 per minute
have a long waver length , a low height and are less steep
break on the shore and tend to deposit material , building up beaches
swash os stronger

Question 6

erodes

Answer 6

wear away of rocks / materials on the cl

Question 7

transports

Answer 7

carrying of the eroded material

Question 8

deposit

Answer 8

the eroded material are dropped

Question 9

attrition

Answer 9

when the rock particles hit each other and they become more rounded

Question 10

abrasion

Answer 10

rock load hits against the cliffs and the cl

Question 11

hydraulic action

Answer 11

force of waves , cavitation , air bubbles

Question 12

solution

Answer 12

acid in the water causes a reaction which the rocks

Question 13

DEPOSITION

Answer 13

solution
suspension
saltation
traction

Question 14

longshore drift

Answer 14

movement of material along the shore by wave action

Question 15

headland bay

Answer 15

coastal landforms that are formed as a result of erosion caused by waves

Question 16

describe the process of coastal erosion

Answer 16

1. Hydraulic Action
2. Abrasion (Corrasion)
3. Attrition
4. Solution (Corrosion)
5. Longshore Drift

Question 17

sand dunes

Answer 17

are small ridges or hills of sand found at the top of a beach , above the usual each of the waves . grass will grow on them over time .

Question 18

sand dunes

Answer 18

sea =
embryo dune
fore dune
yellow dune
grey dune
dune slack (dip)
mature dune

Question 19

coral reefs 🪸

Answer 19

a coral reef is an onshore rock structure of living organisms built up from the remains that form lime stone skeletons .

Question 20

distribution of Coral

Answer 20

between the tropics
where water is warmer
they are mainly on the eastern side of continents
big concentration of coral on the western side of the Pacific Ocean and in the Caribbean

Question 21

conditions for coral to grow

Answer 21

> warm seas with temps above 20
shallow water not more than 60 meters deep
plentiful supply of oxygen in water from breaking waves
lots of seaweed present
unpolluted water
plentiful supply of plankton
clear water free from sediment
availability of light
gentle ocean currents
normal salt content of water

Question 22

types of coral

Answer 22

fringing reef - encloses a narrow lagoon

barrier reef - encloses a wide lagoon and is found away from the coast line

atoll - circular and encloses a lagoon at the centre eg. Maldives

Question 23

mangroves