Coasts case study quizzes

Question 3

Management at the coast: Holderness
1) Where is the Holderness coast?
2) Where does the Holderness Coastline rank among the fastest eroding coastlines in Europe?
3) What is the annual rate of erosion on Holderness: 2mm/year, 2cm/year or 2m/year?
4) Which sediment cell is the Holderness in?
5) What is the name of the headland here? What is it made of? (this question is worth 2 points)
6) What is the name of the bay here?
7) What is the name of the spit here? What is the name of the estuary that it’s formed at? (this question is worth 2 points)
8) What management strategies were used at Hornsea? (this question is worth 3 points)
9) Give one benefit of this management strategy here.
10) Give one disadvantage of this management strategy here.
11) What management strategies were used at Mappleton? (this question is worth 2 points)
12) How much did these management strategies cost at Mappleton: £20,000, £200,000 or £2 million?
13) How long were the defences built at Mappleton: 450m, 550m or 650m?
14) Give one benefit of this management strategy here.
15) Give one disadvantage of this management strategy here.
16) What management strategies were used at Easington (there is a gas terminal here)? (this question is worth 3 points)
17) Give one benefit of this management strategy here.
18) Give one disadvantage of this management strategy here.
19) What management strategies were used at the spit mentioned in Q7?
20) Give one benefit of this management strategy here.
21) Give one disadvantage of this management strategy here.
22) What is the main input on the Holderness coast?
23) From what direction does the prevailing wind blow at Holderness?

0/31 = 1
8/31 = 2
15/31 = 3
24/31 = 4
31/31 = 5

Answer 3

Answers
1) East coast of England (Yorkshire)
2) Number 1: fastest in Europe
3) 2m/year
4) Sediment cell 2
5) Flamborough Head, made from boulder clay overlying chalk cliffs
6) Bridlington Bay
7) Spurn Head Spit, formed at the Humber Estuary
8) Hornsea: sea wall, groynes, rock armour
9) Benefit: hard engineering => effective protection from coastal erosion => widens beaches => increased tourism
10) Disadvantage: further south of Hornsea there was increased terminal groyne syndrome (starved the beach) => more vulnerable to erosion
11) Mappleton: groynes, revetments
12) Cost £2 million
13) 450m
14) Benefit: hard engineering => effective protection from coastal erosion => widens beaches => increased tourism
15) Disadvantage: increased erosion at Great Cowden because of terminal groyne syndrome
16) Easington: groynes, rock armour, revetments
17) Benefit: hard engineering => effective protection from coastal erosion => widens beaches => increased tourism
18) Disadvantage: revetments are costly and do not cope well with strong waves
19) Spurn Head Spit: abandonment/’do nothing’
20) Benefit: saved annual costs of protection
21) Disadvantage: people with coast-related jobs or homes would have to move
22) Erosion of the weak and unconsolidated till cliffs
23) North-east wind

0/31 = 1
8/31 = 2
15/31 = 3
24/31 = 4
31/31 = 5

Question 4

Case study of a contrasting landscape beyond the UK: Odisha, India
1) On which coast of India is the state of Odisha?
2) Which bay does Odisha border?
3) True or false: Odisha has a very curved coastline with many natural inlets and harbours?
4) True of false: the coastal plains are fairly unpopulated?
5) How long is the Odisha coastline: 380km, 435km or 500km?
6) Fill in the blanks: there are 6 deltas on this stretch of coastline, which is why it is known as the ‘[ ] region’ or the ‘[ ] of Six Rivers’.
7) What is a consequence of Odisha having 6 deltas?
8) Name 4 risks for human occupation and development. (this question is worth 4 points)
9) What percentage of the coast has heavy metal deposits: 35%, 45% or 55%?
10) There are economic opportunities for offshore seabed mining, oil and what other fossil fuel?
11) Name two industries are locals employed in.
12) What attracts tourists to Odisha? Name 4 factors. (this question is worth 4 points)
13) Name 3 animal species that are prominent/numerous on the Odisha coastline. (this question is worth 3 points)
14) Name 2 plant species that are common on the Odisha coastline. (this question is worth 2 points)
15) There is huge potential for what 3 types of renewable energy? (this question is worth 3 points)
16) Chilika Lake Bird Sanctuary boasts how many migratory and resident species of birds?
17) Regarding the findings from the Assessment of Shoreline Changes, what percentage of the coast is accreting: 14.4%, 36.8% or 46.8%?
18) What percentage is eroding: 14.4%, 36.8% or 46.8%?
19) What percentage is stable: 14.4%, 36.8% or 46.8%?
20) True or false: most of the accretion is in the north, and most of the erosion is in the south?
21) How have major structures (such as sea walls, breakwaters and rock armour) impacted the rate of erosion?
22) What does ICZM stand for?
23) What are the 3 aims of the ICZM? (this question is worth 3 points)
24) Name 5 stakeholders of the ICZM. (this question is worth 5 points)
25) Name the 4 main issues that are being addressed by the ICZM. (this question is worth 4 points)
26) Fill in the gap: due to the presence of dense mangrove vegetation, show levels of accretion that are more than 50% higher than anywhere else on the coast: 14%, 36% or 50%?
27) Give 3 processes that mangroves can defend the coast against. (this question is worth 3 points)
28) How have mangroves been beneficial to the coastal districts of Kendrapara, Bhadrak and Baleshwar?
29) Name one way Odisha displays resilience as a coastal system to tropical cyclones.
30) Name 4 ways Odisha displays mitigation as a coastal system to tropical cyclones. (this question is worth 4 points)
31) Name one way Odisha displays adaptation as a coastal system to tropical cyclones.

0/58 = 1
14/58 = 2
27/58 = 3
41/58 = 4
58/58 = 5

Answer 4

Answers
1) Eastern
2) Bengal
3) False: Odisha has a relatively straight coastline with few natural inlets or harbours.
4) False: Odisha’s coastal plains support the bulk of the state’s population.
5) 500km long
6) ‘Hexadeltaic region’ or the ‘Gift of Six Rivers’
7) It makes the area a significant sediment store
8) Increasing rates of erosion, storm surges, rising sea levels, seasonal variations (accretion in summer, erosion in winter)
9) 35% of the coast
10) Natural oil
11) Fishing and aquaculture (marine life farming, in this case particularly shrimp)
12) Cultural and archaeological sites, wildlife sanctuaries, beaches
13) Birds, turtles, crocodiles (there is a lot of wildlife)
14) Mangroves, sea grasses
15) Offshore wind, tidal and wave power
16) Over 150 species (migratory and resident)
17) Accreting: 46.8%
18) Eroding: 36.8%
19) Stable: 14.4%
20) True
21) They have exacerbated the rates of erosion in the south
22) 50% higher accretion rates than anywhere else on the coast
23) Integrated Coastal Management Zone
24) 1-To establish sustainable levels of social and economic activity. 2-To resolve environmental, social and economic challenged and conflicts. 3-To protect the coastal environment.
25) Fishermen, Odisha State Disaster Management Authority, conservationists (turtle + bird study + protection), locals who live along the coast, ecotourism employees
26) Assessment and control of coastal erosion, development of ecotourism, replanting or planting mangroves building cyclone shelters
27) They defend the coastline from erosion, storms and sea level rise
28) They have shown levels of accretion that are more than 50% higher than anywhere else on the coast
29) Developing ecotourism (using the coastline for income), replanting mangroves
30) Replanting mangroves (helps with erosion, flooding, sea level rise), building cyclone shelters, broadcasting warnings and evacuating people away from vulnerable areas, providing relief supplies ahead of an approaching storm
31) Replanting mangroves, cyclone shelters (helps survival in emergencies)

0/58 = 1
14/58 = 2
27/58 = 3
41/58 = 4
58/58 = 5