Coasts key facts (EQ3)

Question 1

Eustatic

Answer 1

The change in water level due to ice forming/melting and thermal changes

Question 2

Isostatic

Answer 2

The change in land level due to post glacial adjustment, subsidence and accretion

Question 3

Emergent coasts

Answer 3

They are usually the result of isostatic rebound. The main features are raised beaches and fossil cliffs. A fossil cliff is a near vertical cliff that was initially formed by marine processes but has since moved inland

Question 4

Submergent coasts

Answer 4

Often the result of sea level rise or isostatic sinking. Eustatic rise since the end of the last ice age has created drowned landforms called Rias, fjords and fjards. Dalmatian coasts are the result of submergence, when sea levels rose and flooded valleys

Question 5

What is the dam on the river Nile called

Answer 5

The Aswan High Dam. Built in the 60s

Question 6

What were the effects on the river Nile after the dam was built

Answer 6

River discharge fell from 35 billion m3 to 10 B m3 and sediment volume fell from 130m tonnes to 15m tonnes.

Question 7

What were the effects at the coast after the Aswan dam was built

Answer 7

Erosion rates at the Rosetta rose from 20-25mm a year to 200mm a year

Question 8

Akosombo Dam facts

Answer 8

Sediment flow down the river Volta (Ghana) was reduced from 70m m3 to 7m m3. Major impacts on LSD and coastal erosion in Ghana as well as neighbouring countries.

Question 9

How effective are mangroves

Answer 9

They reduce height of waves by an average of 40% within the first 100m. They stabalise sedimnets. They reduce storm surge levels by 0.5m for every 1km of forest.

Question 10

North sea storm surge

Answer 10

5th Dec 2013. Very low airpressure of 962 milibars, winds over 140mph in mountains in scotland. Gale force winds drove a storm surge of 5.8m onto lincolnshire. 100,000 homes lost power. 2500 homes flooded. 15 deaths