cocaine

Question 1

source od cocaine

Answer 1

Alkaloid found in Erythroxylon coca

grown in SA

Question 2

how to make cocaine

Answer 2

leaves dried & converted to coca paste

• Coca paste converted to cocaine HCl

Question 3

what is the cocaine content in leaf

Answer 3

.1–0.8% can

reach 1.2%

Question 4

how long does harvesting take

Answer 4

2 years to first harvest; 3 harvests / year

after that

Question 5

100kg coca leaves = how much coca paste

Answer 5

1kg

Question 6

two types of uses in cocaine

Answer 6

medicinal
topical anaesthetic (HCl solution)
- ENT SURGERY
- OPTHALMOLOGICAL USE

Illicit
physotropic drug
- HCL salt
- crack

Question 7

what can be used to cut - diluted

Answer 7

mannitol, sucrose, lactose
– Caffiene, PPA, ephedrine, lidocaine

sometime get these side effects

Question 8

size of a line and its dose

Answer 8

0-60 x 2 mm lines = average 25 mg dose

Question 9

what is crack

Answer 9

smoked

makes a characteristic cracking sound

Question 10

typical dose of crack

Answer 10

20mg

Question 11

what is free basing

Answer 11

Cocaine HCl purified by user into free base form of drug, which is extracted into ether.

Ether is evaporated and resulting powder is smoked

Question 12

what’s the risk of ether

Answer 12

flammable

Question 13

what is the chemistry of cocaine

Answer 13

tropine and benzoic acid

Ester of benzoic acid & amino alcohol, methyl ecgonine

Question 14

What are the Mechanism of action in the body

Answer 14

Blocks Na-channel conductance
• Increased threshold for pain
- TOPICAL ANALGESIA

Blocks reuptake of neurotransmitters NE, DA, 5-HT they can last longer
• NE – adrenergic effects (physiological)
• DA – dopaminergic effects (behavioral)

Question 15

Effects of cocaine

Answer 15

Inhibition of NE reuptake
– vasoconstriction, mydriasis (dilation of pupils), hypertension, tachycardia, tachypnea, diaphoresis (sweating), tremor

Inhibition of DA reuptake
- desirable effects
sweating
• intense euphoria, psychic energy, increased sexual excitement, elevation of “mood” (self-confidence)
–undesirable effects
• paranoia, hallucinations, dysphoria

Question 16

which administration route gives you a high most

Answer 16

IN

Question 17

Toxicity of cocaine

Answer 17

- CNS stimulation - as cocaine binds to myocardium ( heart attack) 
• Cardiotoxicity
• Hyperthermia
• Rhinitis
• Tachycardia 
• Paranoia
• Epilepsy
• Angina

Question 18

Bioavailability of cocaine

Answer 18

Route of administration – IV (mainlining) – 100%
– IN - 25-94%
– SM – 57-70%
– PO – 20%

Question 19

what is the name of the compound you get when alcohol and cocaine is mixed

Answer 19

cocaethylene
more cardiotoxic
only made by liver CALLED LIVER methyl esterase
CATEGORICAL PROOF

Question 20

what is the primary metabolism of cocaine

Answer 20

Plasma Primary identifier pseudocholinesterase; Liver benzoylesterase

EME very potent identifier - if reported suggests crack uses

Question 21

what metabolite is detected in urine and why and what is the window of detection

Answer 21

BE
2-4 days
urine is mainly water therefore it converts to BE

Question 22

which route has similar absorption and elimination kinetics

Answer 22

IV

SM

Question 23

how long does it take to peak with IN and PO

Answer 23

30-60 min delay to peak

Question 24

which route gives you a high EME

Answer 24

PO

Question 25

single dosing chronic dosing IV administration peak plasma

Answer 25

0.2-0.4 mg/L (single dosing) – 1-2 mg/L (chronic dosing) – 0.87-3.2 mg/L (IV administration)

Question 26

BE plasma conc in IV, SM, IN

Answer 26

90 min (IV & SM) • 1⁄2 [peak cocaine] – 3 hrs (IN) • 2x [peak cocaine]

Question 27

what is BE

Answer 27

breakdown product INACTIVE

Question 28

What order kinetics in elimination

Answer 28

first order

Question 29

what T1/2 for cocaine

Answer 29

60 – 84 min (cocaine) | 3.5-6 hrs BE

Question 30

how much is recovered in urine and what are the contents

Answer 30

``` 65% dose recovered 1-9% (unchanged) – 26-54% (BE) – 18-41% (EME) – 2-3% (ecgonine) ```

Question 31

pathological aspects of cocaine use

Answer 31

Cocaine-induced agitated delirium – Acute Behavioural Disorder • Cardiovascular disease • Neurologic disorders • Malnutrition • Nasal septum perforation • Needle marks • Bite marks in mouth

Question 32

can cocaine react with H20

Answer 32

WELL YH | turns to BE

Question 33

which organ is used to look at cocaine use PM

Answer 33

BRAIN

Question 34

alternate matrices

Answer 34

``` Hair • Nail • Oral Fluid • Sweat • Meconium ```

Question 35

DUI effects

Answer 35

mid altering | altered vision

Question 36

what analytical techniques used

Answer 36

``` immunoassay ABT antigen can't cliff between novocaine bromocaine • SPE and L/L extraction Solidphase extraction liquid liquid • Thin layer chromatography • Gas chromatography • Liquid chromatography ```