Coccidia

Question 1

what lifecycle does eimeria sp have

Answer 1

direct

Question 2

how is eimeria sp spread

Answer 2

ingestion of sporulated oocysts

Question 3

how many sporocysts and sporozoites does eimeria sp have

Answer 3

4 sporocysts w 2 sporozites

Question 4

where does asexual replication occur eimeria sp

Answer 4

small intestine of DH
2-3 asexual cycles!

Question 5

where does sexual replication occur eimeria sp

Answer 5

large intestine of DH

Question 6

what happens when sexual replication occurs in large intestine eimeria sp

Answer 6

destruction of enterocytes by developing oocysts
diarrhea associated with

Question 7

what is coccidiosis disease associated with

Answer 7

onset of sexual replication in host tissues! Mechanical disruption of mucosal cells by gametes

Question 8

t/f oocysts of coccidia are common in fecal samples of healthy animals

Answer 8

true

Question 9

is there hose immunity with age and exposure?

Answer 9

yes!
generally species specific
most self limiting

Question 10

Coccidiosis in cattle

Answer 10

2 asexual cycles
severe tissue damage to crypts of large intestine
hemorrhagic diarrhea

Question 11

coccidiosis in sheep/goats

Answer 11

clinical signs follow weaning 2-3 weeks
mortality/morbidity/ lost growth for age

Question 12

what is the risk of disease for coccidiosis

Answer 12

environmental contamination
moderate levels of infection
stress in host population
**treatment needs to be based on this!

Question 13

environmental hygiene factors to reduce coccidiosis risk

Answer 13

remove manure, keep surfaces dry and clean
no practical form of disinfection bc oocysts hardy and resistant
dehydration and direct sunlight

Question 14

what stage does chemoprophylaxis target

Answer 14

asexual stage

Question 15

coccidostatic drugs

Answer 15

arrest development at specific stages of lifecycle
parasites remain alive in tissues!!
withdraw of drug allows parasite to resume development and complete lifecycle

Question 16

coccidiocidal drugs

Answer 16

kill or damage parasite irreversibly
no disease relapse following withdraw

Question 17

differential diagnosis

Answer 17

watery diarrhea in single young animal with emaciation= cryptosporidiosis
colibacilliosis w acute and lethal hemorrhagic diarrhea
multiple cases viral diarrhea
21 days and older coccidia
ostertagia <2 years, chronic diarrhea

Question 18

what lifecycle does cystiospora have

Answer 18

facultative direct/indirect

Question 19

how is cystiospora spread to DH

Answer 19

ingestion of sporulated oocysts

Question 20

how many sporocysts and sporozoites does cystiospora have

Answer 20

2 sporocysts w 4 sporozoites

Question 21

are there paretenic hosts for cystiospora

Answer 21

YES
mice, birds, rodents

Question 22

where does replication occur? is it sexual or asexual?

Answer 22

small intestine
both

Question 23

what is diarrhea associated with in cystiospora

Answer 23

destruction of enterocytes (3 asexual cycles)

Question 24

are eggs between dogs and cats morphologically indistinguishable for cystiospora?

Answer 24

YES!
would have to know species to differentiate
can have teardrop and round shaped eggs

Question 25

how is intestinal coccidia diagnosed in companion animals?

Answer 25

centrifugal ZnSO4 or sucrose floatation
fecal sample on 3 consecutive days

Question 26

how to manage intestinal coccidia in companion animals

Answer 26

supportive care, restore electrolyte balances and good plane of nutrition
bate pet at beginning of treatment to remove immediately infective cysts
remove feces daily