Neospora & Sarcocystis

Question 1

what is the domestic host of neospora

Answer 1

canines

Question 2

is neospora zonotic

Answer 2

NO!

Question 3

what is the IH for neospora

Answer 3

domestic livestock, grazing wildlife, dogs

Question 4

how does IH become infected neospora

Answer 4

oocysts shed in environment

Question 5

can vertical transmission of neospora occur in IH?

Answer 5

yes!

Question 6

how does DH become infected neospora

Answer 6

ingestion of tissue cysts from IH

Question 7

what lifecycle does neospora have

Answer 7

mostly indirect

Question 8

t/f sexual multiplication occurs in IH

Answer 8

FALSE, only in DH
asexual in IH

Question 9

what clinical signs will canines have neospora

Answer 9

neuromuscular disease
congenital infection
posterior paresis
due to exposure to cow fetuses/ placenta

Question 10

clinical signs in cattle neospora

Answer 10

reproductive disease
history of abortion
disease of placenta/fetus
-primary infection in dam
-neuromuscular disease in congenitally infected calves

Question 11

is there an fda treatment for neospora in cattle or dogs

Answer 11

no

Question 12

how to control canine infection neospora

Answer 12

do not allow access to fetal or placental tissues
do not feed raw meat
do not breed females previously diagnosed with clinical disease/ whelped litters with affected puppies
avoid immunosuppressive therapies in seropositive dogs

Question 13

how to control cattle infection neospora

Answer 13

restrict dog access to feed
observe for signs of reproductive loss
keep herd productivity records
remove fetal/placental tissues
closed hers
cull seropositive cows (controversial)
serological assessment is suspect outbreak

Question 14

toxoplasma vs neospora DH

Answer 14

toxo: cats, shed MANY oocysts one time
neo: dogs, shed FEW oocysts many times

Question 15

toxoplasma vs neospora lifecycle

Answer 15

toxo: oocyst to DH and tissue cyst in variety of IH
neo: no oocyst to DH, viable tissue cysts in narrow range IH

Question 16

toxoplasma vs neospora zoonotic?

Answer 16

toxo: YES
neo: NO

Question 17

toxoplasma vs neospora risk for congenital infection

Answer 17

toxo: only during primary infection when pregnant, all other pregnancies protected
neo: lifetime risk of congeital infection

Question 18

toxoplasma vs neospora impact on cattle production

Answer 18

toxo: none
neo: major source production losses

Question 19

what kind of lifecycle in sarcocystis sp

Answer 19

obligate indirect

Question 20

how is sarcocystis sp spread

Answer 20

ingestion of tissue cysts in SPECIFIC IH

Question 21

what are the DH of sarcocystis sp

Answer 21

dogs, cats, humans

Question 22

does sexual replication occur in DH or IH for sarcocystis sp?

Answer 22

DH, no asexual at all!

Question 23

where does sexual replication occur sarcocystis sp

Answer 23

small inetestine

Question 24

are there clinical signs in DH for sarcocystis sp

Answer 24

NO

Question 25

is there human/animal associations for sarcocystis sp

Answer 25

YES

Question 26

does disease occur in DH or IH or both in sarcocystis sp

Answer 26

IH only

Question 27

what type of replication occurs in IH sarcocystis sp?

Answer 27

asexual only!

Question 28

where does replication occur in IH sarcocystis sp

Answer 28

striated muscles of endothelial cells

Question 29

sarcocystis cruzi is a relationship between which species

Answer 29

dog DH and cattle IH

Question 30

how does dog get infected with sarcocystis cruzi? how does it spread this diease?

Answer 30

ingest tissue cysts in cattle sporocysts shed in feces

Question 31

how do cattle get infected with sarcocystis cruzi? how does it spread this disease?

Answer 31

ingest sporocysts while grazing 2 generations of asexual replication sarcocysts in striated muscle fibers

Question 32

t/f in sarcocystis cruzi dogs will have clinical disease

Answer 32

FALSE, no clinical disease

Question 33

what health effects will be in cattle for sarcocystis cruzi?

Answer 33

abortion, stillbirth fever, anorexia, diarrhea, muscle spasm, loss of tail hair, hyperexcitability calves that survive acute infection fail to thrive, premature death

Question 34

is treatment of sarcocystis cruzi economically practical

Answer 34

no

Question 35

how to mitigate risk of sarcocystis cruzi

Answer 35

exclude dogs from production facilities periodic fecal exam on dogs

Question 36

equine protozoa myloencephalitis primary etiologic agent

Answer 36

sarcocystis neurona

Question 37

what is the DH for sarcocystis neurona

Answer 37

opossum

Question 38

how does the DH spread sarcocystis neurona

Answer 38

sporocysts in feces

Question 39

t/f horses are an IH of sarcocystis neurona

Answer 39

false! accidental host

Question 40

how do horses become infected with sarcocystis neurona

Answer 40

ingestion of sporocysts in contaminated feed/ pasture

Question 41

what are clinical signs of sarcocystis neurona

Answer 41

neurologic disease stumbling, lameness, paresis, muscle atrophy urinary incontinence, constipation

Question 42

how do you diagnose sarcocystis neurona

Answer 42

serology IgG Ab IFA testing to distinguish causative agent

Question 43

t/f seropositivity equates to disease

Answer 43

false, it does not !

Question 44

is EPM disease rare?

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

what could seropositivity indicate?

Answer 45

risk to subsequently developing disease

Question 46

treatment considerations for sarcocystis neurona

Answer 46

recognize phenotypes and response to treatment is promising contain parasite replication and not curative prophylactic drug questionable value and expensive!

Question 47

ponazuril target

Answer 47

mitochondria to disrupt amino aid synthesis and energy metabolism cross BBB inot CSF

Question 48

sulfadiazine/ pyrimethamine tagrer

Answer 48

interfere w parasite synthesis of folic acid and inhibit energy metabolism must replace folic acid deficiency in host possible toxicity from long term use