cog neurospych memory and vision

Question 1

where is memory located

Answer 1

hipocampus, amygdala and related structures in medial temporal lobe
- fornix and mammillary body

Question 2

what is anterograde amnesia

Answer 2

poor ability to acquire new information
- information acquired before damage is spared and info in working memory
- impaired declarative memory - episodic and semantic
- preservation of non declarative

Question 3

what is korsakoff’s syndrome

Answer 3

thiamine deficiency
- due to alcoholism
- bilateral degeneration of mamillary bodies
- causes anterograde amnesia

Question 4

what is temporal lobectomy

Answer 4

causes anterograde amnesia
- bilateral removal of temporal lobes

Question 5

what happened to patient H.M

Answer 5

• circumscribed lesion
• pure deficits
• intact working memory
• can hold convo but forget it later on
• semantic memory disrupted
• absence of new episodic memory
• could learn new motor tasks
• improvements in short term but lost when pushed into LTM

Question 6

what is retrograde amnesia

Answer 6

memories prior to the lesion are lost

Question 7

what area is most associated with retrograde amnesia

Answer 7

amygdala

Question 8

how did H.M suffer from retrograde amnesia

Answer 8

-old memories intact
- memories immediately before lesion were lost

Question 9

what does H.M suggest about hippocampus

Answer 9

• it does not store memories - old memories are preserved
• may enable consolidation of new memories which are stored elsewhere

Question 10

what areas of the brain are associated with vision

Answer 10

• occipital lobes and surrounding temporal and parietal
• including PVC, ventral and dorsal stream

Question 11

what is optic ataxia

Answer 11

damage to the dorsal stream
- deficits in spatial perception, visuospatial processing and visual guidance of action

Question 12

what is agnosia

Answer 12

inability to recognise what you are looking at
- a lack of knowing or perception
- can come in many flavours
- modality specific

Question 13

what are the 2 types of visual agnosia

Answer 13

• apperceptive
• associative

Question 14

what is apperceptive agnosia

Answer 14

• unable to perceive full shape of object despite intact low-level
• inability to extract global structure
• evidenced by impairments in drawing, copying and visual recognition even of common objects
• see parts not whole

Question 15

what is associative agnosia

Answer 15

• ability to perceive shape but inability to recognise it
• no problem copying figures
• inability to draw from verbal instruction or to recognise objects using vision

Question 16

what happened to patient d.f

Answer 16

• can’t name and recognise things - apperceptive agnosia

Question 17

what is prosopagnosia

Answer 17

inability to recognise faces
- apperceptive and associative
- damage to the fusiform gryus - lower part of occipital and temporal lobe
- usually right-sided