cog psych: perception Flashcards
(14 cards)
what is perception?
- linking sensations to representations
- the ability to recognise, organise, & interpret sensory information
what is the point of recognition called?
- percept
what is the theory of visual perception & who proposed it?
- GESTALT
- how we organise complex visual array into groups
- Law of Prägnanz (we perceive visual arrays in the simplest way)
theory of visual perception: what are Gestalt’s principles?
- figure-ground (some aspects of a scene stand out (figure) or recede (ground))
- grouping of objects according to proximity & similarity
- continuity (prefer continuous representation)
- closure (tendency to close up object that’s not closed)
bottom-up processing: what is the theory of direct perception & who proposed it?
- GIBSON
- perception is based on proximal stimulus only (data driven)
bottom-up processing: what are the 3 components of Gibson’s theory of direct perception?
- optic flow patterns (e.g. arrows providing info about movement)
- invariant features (offer important cues about the environment)
- affordances (what an object means for us is determined by its physical characteristics, cues in the environment that aid perception)
affordances: what are the 2 cues in the environment that aid perception?
- perceptual constancy (perception of object stays the same even if sensory information relating to the object changes)
- depth cues (distance from a surface: monocular (texture gradient)/binocular)
what is top-down processing?
- driven by higher-level cognitive processes (expectations/knowledge)
- percepts are based on 3 things: what we sense (sensory), what we know (knowledge), what we infer (high level)
top-down processing: what are context effects? (& name)
- the surrounding environment affects the speed & accuracy of our perceptual processes
- PALMER recognition of objects in appropriate & inappropriate contexts
theories of top-down processing
- prototype theory: detailed representations stored in memory, perception involves matching stimulus w/the prototype
- feature matching theories
top-down processing: what are the 2 feature matching theories & the theorists associated to them
- SELFRIDGE pandemonium model
- TREISMAN feature integration theory
facial recognition: what are the 2 systems for recognising faces
- feature analysis system
- configurational system
- prosopagnosia: inability to recognise faces
recognition of emotion in faces
- we process faces differently according to their facial expression
- pop-out effect of angry faces
- universal
combining top-down & bottom-up processing: connectionist neural net
- PDP (parallel distributed processing)
- (biopsych) items of information not stored at specific sites, they’re distributed throughout whole net
