ethology & attachment theory Flashcards
(8 cards)
1
Q
what is ethology and its 4 basic concepts?
A
- study of a species’ behaviour in its natural environment
- species specific innate behaviour (stereotyped, universal)
- an evolutionary perspective (innate beh’s genetically passed down, organism must adapt (Piaget))
- learning predispositions (critical periods)
- ethological methodology (natural observations/lab studies
2
Q
LORENZ
A
- goslings & imprinting
- critical periods
- imprinting is an innate survival instinct
- suggests attachment is innate
3
Q
HARLOW
A
- monkeys, maternal deprivation
- cloth vs wire mother
- maternal or social deprivation?
4
Q
attachment: BOWLBY
A
- concerned about impacts of maternal deprivation
- influences: Lorenz (attachment=innate), Freud (oral), Erikson (basic trust vs basic mistrust)
5
Q
Bowlby & infant-caregiver attachment
A
- 2 way interaction (evolutionary)
- biological predisposition to maintain proximity, innate signaling mechanisms
- maternal deprivation: protest, despair (grief/mourning), detachment, psychopathology
- deprived of continuous maternal care: develop antisocial tendencies
6
Q
AINSWORTH
A
- strange situation
- maternal sensitivity: mother’s ability to respond sensitively to child’s signals
7
Q
Ainsworth’s Strange Situation & attachment styles
A
- observed 4 beh’s: separation anxiety, willingness to explore, stranger anxiety, reunion behaviour
- secure attachment: sensitive & responsive primary care
- insecure avoidant: unresponsive primary care
- insecure resistant: inconsistent primary care
- disorganised attachment: both resistant & anxious behaviours
8
Q
critiques of attachment theory
A
- SCHAFFER & EMERSON multiple attachments
- RUTTER early life disruption AND inadequate parenting cause poor social adjustment & relationship difficulties
- cultural critiques: ethnocentric, centred on mothering
- integrating perspectives (intersectionality, etc.)
