psychoanalytical traditions Flashcards
(13 cards)
1
Q
Freud’s dynamic approach
A
- psychic energy can be transformed into anxiety, which can be seen in physical ailments, dreams & through free association
2
Q
Freud’s psychological structures
A
- conscious: awareness
- preconscious: can be one conscious via mental images/language
- unconscious: not accessible, repressed unconscious can be accessible via dreams etc.
3
Q
Freud’s id, ego, & superego
A
- id: exists at birth, primitive, pleasure principle
- ego: reality principle, mediates demands of id, constraints of reality & pressures of the SE w/compromise/denial
- superego: developed at resolution of Oedipus complex, negative control in the form of self-discipline
4
Q
Freud’s stage theory of development (& ages)
A
- psycho-sexual stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital)
- oral birth-1 year
- anal 1-3 years
- phallic 3-5 years
- latency 5-beginning of puberty
- genital adolescence
5
Q
More detail on Freud’s psycho-sexual stages (oral-phallic)
A
- oral: linked to attachment, oral pleasure, too little = anxiety/pessimism, too much = fixation/regression
- anal: desire for immediate gratification frustrated due to social conventions, messy/irresponsible vs compulsively neat
- phallic: Oedipus complex, identification & sex-appropriate behaviour
6
Q
More detail on Freud’s psycho-sexual stages (latency-genital)
A
- latency: personality set, relative calm, acquire cognitive skills, defences against sexuality etc.
- genital: physiological changes bring sexual impulses to forefront, love = altruistic, partner choice reflects attitudes previously developed
7
Q
what are Freud’s mechanisms of defence?
A
- unconscious procedures, ego tries to prevent unacceptable id material reaching consciousness
- sublimation: allows expression of repressed material if desire is more culturally acceptable
- repression: unconscious, forced back into unconscious
- denial: denial of unconscious impulse, defensive
- projection: projecting unwanted traits onto others
8
Q
what are the main stages of Erikson’s stage theory
A
- 8 in total
- stage 1: basic trust vs basic mistrust birth-1 year
- stage 3: initiative vs guilt 4-5 years
- stage 5: identity & repudiation vs identity diffusion adolescence
9
Q
more detail of Erikson’s stages (1, 3, 5)
A
- basic trust vs basic mistrust: links to oral stage & Bowlby’s attachment theory, trust mother will feed/comfort them, confident she’ll return
- initiative vs guilt: children achieve identification via Oedipus complex, resolved via social role identification rather than sexual
- identity & repudiation vs identity diffusion: integration of childhood identifications w/more complex identity, role playing guided by roles valued in society
10
Q
Erikson & identity development
A
- acknowledges social/cultural influences that work together with psychological processes
- life is a quest for identity
11
Q
Klein & object relations
A
- infant has 2 innate conflicting impulses: love (life drive) & hate (death drive)
- to maintain an acceptable and liveable sense of self, you expel the death drive into the outside world by actively splitting
12
Q
Klein & actively splitting
A
- splitting & defence (negative characteristics & feared parts of the self are split through projection onto others)
- paranoid-schizoid position (principles of self-preservation, throughout development you have oscillating mental states, paranoid=projections onto others who are then hated/feared, schizoid=split between good/bad)
- depressive position (experience others as a whole, good & bad can be tolerated simultaneously)
13
Q
Lowenfeld & psychoanalysis to social research
A
- holistic view
- adaptation of the world technique to a tool of qual research: sandboxing
- Free Association Narrative Interview
