Cognition

Question 1

evidence for pre morbid deficits:

Answer 1

retrospective case control studies and population based studies

Question 2

almost all studies have found a ____ in people with schizphrenia

Answer 2

generalized deficit

Question 3

facts about the studies: (3)

Answer 3

1. they are observed in IQ
2. affect nearly all cognitive domains
3. effect does not seem to be driven by subgroup of people with sz- evenly distributed across range of ability in population

Question 4

cognitive deficits could be:

Answer 4

direct, causal risk factors for schizophrenia

Question 5

the deficits could be associated with factors that are involved in:

Answer 5

the etiology of schizophrenia but not causal themselves

Question 6

deficits could be early:

Answer 6

symptoms of the disorder itself, which predate the onset of psychotic symptoms

Question 7

study. of patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis is better or worse for examining brain/cognition and why?

Answer 7

better because they are less subject to confusion/confounds

Question 8

verbal learning:

Answer 8

ability to acquire, store, and retrieve verbal info for more than a few minutes

Question 9

verbal learning activities of daily living:

Answer 9

remembering info from read program, class, vocational setting, clinic visit

Question 10

working memory:

Answer 10

ability to hold info “on line” in a temporary store or to manipulate the info

Question 11

working memory activities of daily living:

Answer 11

carrying on a social convo, switching between different tasks

Question 12

working memory example test:

Answer 12

letter number span

Question 13

attention/ vigilance definition:

Answer 13

ability to respond to targets, not respond to non-targets, over a period of time

Question 14

attention/vigilance actives of daily living:

Answer 14

identifying relevant info in a social interaction; discussion with a doctor

Question 15

attention/vigilance example test:

Answer 15

continuous performance test, press when you see same number twice in a. row

Question 16

functional outcome includes:

Answer 16

work outcome, social outcome, independent living and skills acquisition

Question 17

magnitude of associations with functional outcome:

Answer 17

medium for specific domains, large for overall scores

Question 18

relationships between cognitive deficits and functional outcome is stronger than relation between psychotic symptoms and functional outcome true or false

Answer 18

true

Question 19

NIMH-MATRICS consensus cognitive battery: (7)

Answer 19

1. speed of processing
2. attention/vigilance
3. working memory
4. verbal memory
5. visual memory
6. reasoning and problem solving
7. social cognition

Question 20

4 core domains of social processing:

Answer 20

1. emotion processing
2. theory of mind
3. attributional bias/style
4. social perception

Question 21

emotion processing:

Answer 21

perception and use of emotion

Question 22

theory of mind: (or mentalizing)

Answer 22

ability to represent the mental states of others, including the inference of intentions, dispositions, and beliefs

Question 23

attributional bias:

Answer 23

the way in which individuals explain the causes or make sense of social events or interactions

Question 24

social perception:

Answer 24

the decoding and interpretation of social cues in others

Question 25

process of social cognitive processes in schizophrenia:

Answer 25

social cue perception -> mentalizing -> experience and regulation of emotion -> experience sharing

Question 26

which type of faces do schizophrenics have deficits in perception of?

Answer 26

emotion (affective) faces

Question 27

the ability to perceive emotion in ____ is ____ in SZ

Answer 27

speech; impaired

Question 28

affective prosody:

Answer 28

emotional quality of speech

Question 29

first order of theory of mind:

Answer 29

the ability to predict the thoughts of another person

Question 30

second order of theory of mind is:

Answer 30

understanding what a third person would think about the second person's thoughts

Question 31

mirror neuron system is thought to be:

Answer 31

a collection of brain regions that are active when we do or experience something ourselves, but also when we observe someone else doing the same thing

Question 32

mirror neuron system is a bit controversial but it has been argued that:

Answer 32

improving the function of this system could be a game changer in the treatment of schizophrenia

Question 33

which system has also been implicated in deficits in social cognition?

Answer 33

limbic system

Question 34

can dysfunction in cognitive processes lead to psychotic symptoms?

Answer 34

maybe

Question 35

models that can prove dysfunction in cognitive processes lead to psychotic symptoms and their positive symptom: (3)

Answer 35

1. auditory self-monitoring (hallucinations) 2. social cognition/theory of mind (delusions) 3. reward learning/ salience (delusions)

Question 36

auditory self monitoring theory:

Answer 36

patients with SZ mis-attribute their own internal speech to external source

Question 37

evidence of auditory self monitoring:

Answer 37

1. hallucinators tend to mis attribute their own distorted voice to an external source 2. hallucinators fail to activate temporal lobe regions involved in speech monitoring

Question 38

social cognition theory:

Answer 38

reflect dysfunction in cognitive systems for social agent representation

Question 39

social agent representation:

Answer 39

ability to create, use, and maintain internal representations of social actors for use in both implicit and explicit social cognitive function

Question 40

social cognitive processes predict which kind of symptoms?

Answer 40

negative symptoms