Cognition

Question 1

What is cognition

Answer 1

The way our brain process and react to surrounding info

Question 2

As per information processing model, brain is equivalent to _____

Answer 2

A Computer

Question 3

Three main process involved in information processing model?

Answer 3

Encoding-storage-retrieval

Question 4

______theory states that an organism processes info both verbally and visually

Answer 4

Dual coding theory

Question 5

Define cognitive development

Answer 5

Ability to think and solve problems

Question 6

_____is the ability to think about things that are not actually present. For example not being able to tell the underlying concept of an idiom

Answer 6

Abstract thought

Question 7

_____is the most influential figure in developmental psychology

Answer 7

Jean Piaget

Question 8

Name jean piaget’s stages of development

Answer 8

Sensorimotor
Pre operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

Question 9

_____is the first stage of development that last from 0-2 years of development. Is categorised by absence of object permanence

Answer 9

Sensorimotor
- circular reactions are seen (repetitive actions)
-primary circular reactions - actions that revolve around the body (like thumb sucking)
-secondary circular reactions -actions that are outside the body that gets response (like throwing tows across a room)

Question 10

What is object permanence

Answer 10

That objects exists even if they are not in view anymore

Question 11

Preoperational stage

Answer 11

-2-7 years of age
-main features -egocentrism, centration, conservation, object permanence, symbolic thinking

Question 12

_____is when a child only thinks about themselves and don’t care about others

Answer 12

Egocentrism

Question 13

Define symbolic thinking

Answer 13

Imagination and make belief

Question 14

______is when someone only pays attention to one aspect of an object/situation

Answer 14

Centration

Question 15

A child is presented with two different shaped glasses with orange juice. The taller glass is half full while the shorter is completely full meaning the amount of juice in both the glasses is same. The child quickly chooses the taller glass of juice. What is the reason behind this?

Answer 15

Child Lacks Conversation , that is, they fail to understand that the physical quantity remains same even if the size of the container changes

Question 16

_______is when egocentrism disappears and the concept of conservation is understood

Answer 16

Concrete operational stage

Question 17

_______is the last stage of Piaget’s developmental learning is characterised by abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning (ability to mentally manipulate variables)

Answer 17

Formal operational stage

Question 18

_________intelligence helps solve new problems with creative methods

Answer 18

Fluid

Question 19

_______intelligence helps solve problems using the info we already have acquired

Answer 19

Crystallised

Question 20

What disorder leads to decline in cognitive development

Answer 20

Dementia

Question 21

What is the type of delirium which is due to alcohol withdrawal

Answer 21

Delirium tremens

Question 22

What are some craniofacial features of fetal alcohol syndrome ?

Answer 22

-low nasal bridge
-folds on the corners of eyes
-thin upper lip
-small eye opening
-short nose
Etc

Question 23

______is rapid decline is cognitive activity due to medical causes and is reversible

Answer 23

Delirium

Question 24

What is mental set

Answer 24

It helps approach a problem in the same way others were approached

Question 25

______is when a person is unable to think out of the box and uses traditional ways to solve a problem

Answer 25

Functional fixedness

Question 26

What are different kinds of problem solving?

Answer 26

TADI T- trial and error A-algorithm D-deductive reasoning I- Inductive reasoning

Question 27

Trial and error

Answer 27

Multiple solutions are tried until one works

Question 28

_______reasoning is also called top down reasoning. We start with a universal fact and then solution is found out

Answer 28

Deductive reasoning

Question 29

Humans are mortal. I am a human and therefore I am mortal too. What kind of reasoning is this?

Answer 29

Deductive

Question 30

Inductive reasoning

Answer 30

Also balled bottom up reasoning -we start with observations and then make our way to the solution

Question 31

The first cat is black. The second cat is black, and the third cat is black too. Therefore all cats a black. What kind of reasoning is this?

Answer 31

Inductive

Question 32

_______ are formulae or a set procedure for solving a problem

Answer 32

algorithms

Question 33

What tools do we use for decision making?

Answer 33

HIBE heuristics -“rules of thumb” Intuition Bias Emotion

Question 34

________heuristic is used when we think that the likelihood of an event happening depends on the number of examples we can think of about that event

Answer 34

Avalability

Question 35

_________heuristic is used when we think that likelihood of an event happening is more when is fits the prototypical and stereotypical category

Answer 35

Representativeness

Question 36

_______is when we ignore actual numbers but our answer is based on what seems right stereotypically

Answer 36

Base rate fallacy

Question 37

Define discomfirmation principle

Answer 37

Discarding a solution that has already been proved wrong

Question 38

What are different kind of bias ?

Answer 38

-Confirmation -Hindsight -Belief perspective

Question 39

________is when emotional beliefs are paid much attention to while disregarding solution that is against the belief

Answer 39

Confirmation

Question 40

Confirmation bias leads to ___

Answer 40

Overconfidence

Question 41

Define hindsight bias

Answer 41

‘Know it all’ Overestimating happening of an event just because it has happened in the past

Question 42

__________refers to the inability to reject a particular belief despite clear evidence to the contrary

Answer 42

Belief perseverance

Question 43

Define intuition

Answer 43

The feeling that you are right -Recognition primed decision model

Question 44

What role does emotion play in decision making?

Answer 44

It determined how to behave in a certain situation and take decisions accordingly. Angry person might take rash decisions

Question 45

Theory of multiple intelligences given by?

Answer 45

Howard gardener

Question 46

What are the types of intelligences within multiple intelligences theory

Answer 46

8 -linguistic -logical and mathematical -visuospatial -intrapersonal -interpersonal -musical -naturalistic -bodily Kinesthetic

Question 47

_____prposed triachic theory of intelligence

Answer 47

Robert sternberg

Question 48

Subtypes of triachic theory

Answer 48

PAC -analytical - reason -creative - new ways to find solutions -practical - dealing everyday problems at home and work

Question 49

_______intelligence is involved being empathetic

Answer 49

Emotional intelligence

Question 50

What is IQ

Answer 50

-initallly by Alfred Binet -later revised by standford - standford-Binet iq test Mathematically (Mental age /biological age ) X 100