Cognition Flashcards

(66 cards)

1
Q

What is orientation

A

awareness of self in relation to person, place, tine, and circumstance

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2
Q

what is neuropsych eval

A

long battery of standardized tests for purposes of dx, care, and planning rehab eval and research

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3
Q

What is executive functioning

A

metaprocesses that enable a person to initiate, plan, self-monitor, and correct their approach to goal-directed tasks

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4
Q

Where do disorders arise from affecting executive functioning

A

frontal lobe

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5
Q

what kind of problems do you see in frontal lobe damage related to executive functioning

A

self-control
self-direction
organization

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6
Q

What is memory

A

result of interactive cog systems that receive, code, store, and retrieve info

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7
Q

what is attention

A

ability to use limited mental resources for concentration

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8
Q

What are the primary cognitive operations

A

orientation
attention
memory

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9
Q

What can you be oriented to

A

Person
Place
Time
Situation

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10
Q

What are the most common things to be disoriented to

A

time

place

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11
Q

What is orientation to person

A

ability to id ones name

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12
Q

what is the last element of orientation to be lost

A

person

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13
Q

What is orientation to place

A

ability to name where they are, cite/state they are in

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14
Q

What is orientation to time

A

date, day of wk, yr, season

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15
Q

What is orientation to situation

A

ability to describe their global circumstances

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16
Q

What are the 5 types of attention

A
Focused
Sustained
selective
alternating
divided
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17
Q

What is focused attention

A

basic response to a stimuli (turn head when you hear a horn)

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18
Q

What is sustained attention

A

vigilance
maintaining attention over time to 1 task
can tune out background stimuli and focus on 1 task

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19
Q

What is selective attention

A

freedom from distractibility

ability to focus on 1 task while ignoring the other

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20
Q

What is alternating attention

A

mental flexibility

shifting b/t multiple operations

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21
Q

What is divided attention

A

ability to respond to 2+ tasks simultaneously

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22
Q

What are the two kinds of memory

A

short term

long term

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23
Q

What is memory

A

ability to store and retrieve info

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24
Q

Where is memory located

A

in the cortex

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25
What is STM
holds a limited amt of info in an accessible state temporarily
26
What is working memory
managing incoming info and manipulating stred info for planning and problem solving
27
What is an example of working memory
mental arithmetic
28
What is LTM
lasts min to lifetime
29
What is storage based on in LTM
relatively permanent changes in brain cell structure (no single storage site)
30
What is explicit (declarative) memory
pertains to factual info
31
What does explicit memory include
Episodic memory | Semantic memory
32
What is episodic memory
knowledge of personal info and events
33
What is semantic memory
knowledge of facts about the world (horses are big)
34
What is implicit (non-declarative) memory
does not involve conscious awareness of learning
35
What does implicit memory contain
procedural memory
36
What is procedural memory
knowledge of hot to do things (unconscious change in behavior that results from previous experience and is less flexible when applied to novel concepts)
37
What is memory impairment
amnesia
38
Kinds of amnesia
retrograde anterograde post-traumatic
39
What is retrograde amnesia
loss of ability to recall events from prior to the injury
40
what is anterograde amnesia
decreased memory of events occurring after trauma
41
What is post traumatic amnesia
period following trauma during which the pt is confused and disoriented and seems to lack the ability to store and retrieve new info
42
What are the stages of memory
attention encoding storage retreival
43
What are executive functions
higher order thinking processes, goal attainment iger order functions
44
When does executive functioning develop
in late teens/early 20's
45
What are executive functions located in the brain
prefrontal cortex
46
What is self-awareness
ability to self-eval | some consider to be the highest of all integrated activities of the brain
47
What are the 2 dimensions of self-awareness
1. appreciation of personal attributes. things you understand about yourself 2. initiation of compensatory strategies in response to known personal attributes. how you deal w/ situation. (use humor in uncomfy sit)
48
What is self-awareness fundamental to
metacognition
49
What is metacognition
thinking about thinking | higer order process
50
What are some executive functions
``` initiation planning and organization problem solving decision making categorization mental flexibility abstraction ```
51
What is initiation
difficulty starting a task
52
What mights defecits in initiation look like
lack of spontaneity, slow to respond, lack of motivation
53
What is planning
attainment of a goal through a series of intermediate steps that do not necessarily lead to the goal includes the ability to organize steps to complete an action and skills to carry out the plan
54
What do deficits in planning and organization look like
perseverating in their actions | follow familiar routines even when they are not working and not generalizing a new plan
55
What is problem solving
integration of several cog skills (attention, ability to devise and initiate a plan, sensory and memory access and feedback that gives info on the effectiveness of the solution and need for revision
56
What does effective problem solving include
the need for some understanding of the problem
57
What might deficits include in problem solving
concrete thinking, impulsivity, confusion, difficulty sequencing info, trouble learning from mistakes
58
What is decision making
a form of problem solving for which the problem is to choose from several options to make a decision
59
What might defecits in decision making include
having a hard time id various options when determining which options are best difficulty learning from mistakes and continual engagement in decisions that lead to negative consequences
60
What is categorization
allows individuals to process large amts of info
61
What may defecits in categorization look lik
ot being able to describe objects | might categorize using physical features but not symbolic features
62
What is mental flexibility
abilty to carry out a given plan | utilizing feedback from the env or ability to focus on a different stimuli and focus mentally
63
What might defecits in mental flexibility look like
continue to hold onto cues or a particular stimulus that is irrelevant
64
What is abstraction
ability to conceptullize and make inferences from info
65
What might defecits include in abstraction
limited imagination inability to plan ahead view info as concrete and rigid unable to perceive similarities or differnces
66
What is cognition
general term that reflects the mental enterprises related to absorbing info, thinking and goal directed action