Cognition & intelligence- Child development

Question 1

What is cognition?

Answer 1

Mental process by which knowledge is acquired, elaborated, stored, retrieved & used

Question 2

What are the stages of Jean Piaget theory?

Answer 2

1. Sensorimotor
2. Pre- operational
3. Concrete operational
4. Formal Operational

Question 3

Describe sensorimotor

Answer 3

> Birth - 2 years
>6 Sub stages
>Recognition of self agent of action
>Object permanence
>Developing memory systems; self recognition 
>Thinking only by doing

Question 4

Describe Base line kick experiment

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 4

>Tests developing memory
>Attach string
>2-3 month old double kicks
>Mobile jingles more
>Test later> no string

Question 5

With the base kick experiment how long did each age range’s memory last?

Answer 5

> 2 months = 1 day
3 months = 1 week
6 month = 2 + weeks

Question 6

8 months abilities

Answer 6

>Obey simple requests
>Pint & follow points
>Demonstrate affection
>Cup to dolls mouth
>Shake head >No/ yes 
>SELF RECOGNITION

Question 7

What does Schemas mean?

Answer 7

Theories on how physical & social world operates

Question 8

What does assimilation mean?

Answer 8

Understanding new object

Question 9

What does accommodation mean

Answer 9

Modifying schema

Question 10

What does centration mean?

Answer 10

Thinking about one idea at a time to the exclusion of others

Question 11

When does centration occur

Answer 11

Preoperational stage

Question 12

What is egocentrism

Answer 12

Self-centred world view

Difficulty taking other peson’s perspective

Question 13

When does Preoperational stage occur?

Answer 13

2-7 years

Question 14

Describe 3 mountain problem

Preoperational stage

Answer 14

Able to describe mountain from their view

Cannot describe mountain from dolls view

Question 15

Constraints of mountain view (PS)

Answer 15

Not put in experienced/ relatable situation

Question 16

What is the alternative to the mountain problem?

Answer 16

Hide doll from policemen

Success 90% 3-5.5 years

Question 17

What does operation mean? (PS)

Answer 17

Mental consideration of information in a logical manner

Question 18

What does conservation mean? (PS)

Answer 18

Understanding that amount in unrelated to appearance

Question 19

describe conservation of volume (PS)

Answer 19

> Given example of concrete operation
Associated with personal experience
Operational thought is reversible

Question 20

What occur sin the later stages of development of the preoperational stage

Answer 20

Concrete operational

Formal operational

Question 21

What is concrete operational?

Answer 21

> Start to think in logical manner

>Thinking in relation to things that are real/ imaginable

Question 22

What is formal operational?

Answer 22

>Basis of adult thinking
>Reasoning in symbolic terms
>Consider alternatives
>Plans ahead
>Systematic testing of hypotheses

Question 23

What is IQ

Answer 23

Intelligence quotient

Question 24

How do we calculate IQ

Answer 24

IQ = (Mental age/ chronological age) x 100

Question 25

What is used now to calculate intelligence?

Answer 25

Tables of standardised age scores

Question 26

What does IQ mean?

Answer 26

>Assess you to obtain fixed value >Intelligence is caused by genetic inheritance >Social/ racial differences

Question 27

What does the Wechsler adult intelligence test scale provide?

Answer 27

``` >Full scale IQ >Verbal comprehension index (VCI) >Perceptual reasoning index (PRI) >Working memory Index (WMI) >Processing Speed Index (PSI) ```

Question 28

IQ test uses

Answer 28

>Identifying educational needs >Assessment following neurological trauma, learning disability, cognitive impairment >Predicting school performance/ job success

Question 29

Limitations of IQ

Answer 29

>Stable? | >Does not measure underlying competence/ world skills

Question 30

What are some newer approaches to measuring intelligence?

Answer 30

>Multiple intelligence | >emotional intelligence

Question 31

what is cerebral lateralisation?

Answer 31

>Different regions of the brain control different functions and behaviours >Left and right side of brain >Language abilities

Question 32

What is left hemisphere dominant for?

Answer 32

>Complex language functions >Complex logical functions >Mathematical computations

Question 33

What is right hemisphere dominant for?

Answer 33

>Simple language functions >Spatial & pattern abilities >Emotional recognition

Question 34

Remove connection between right and left hemisphere what happens when left retina sees work face?

Answer 34

>Processed by right hemisphere >Cannot share info to left > Cannot say face >Can draw face

Question 35

Contra-lateral rule (visual perception)

Answer 35

>Left visual field processed by right hemisphere | >Right visual field processed by left hemisphere

Question 36

What is commissurotomy (split brain syndrome)?

Answer 36

surgical division of the corpus callosum (L & R brain) To reduce severity of epilepsy