cognitive Flashcards
(17 cards)
aim dion
To see wether physically attractive people are assumed to possess more socially desirable personality traits than unattractive people, and wether they are expected to lead better lives than unnatractive people.
participants dion
30 male and 30 female american uni students
lab experiment
procedure dion
They were told they were being compared to graduate students who were trained in people perception
Each were given 3 envelopes
One contained a person their age, physically attractive. One moderate attractive and one unnatractive
Half the group were given photos of the same gender, the other half opposite gender
The set of photos, gender and order were all random
Attractiveness was determined by 100 students in the uni being asked to rate the attractiveness of 50 yearbook fotos of opposite sex
12 different sets of photos were used for the study
- Participants were asked to rate the person on 27 personality traits on a 6 point scale
After completion they were asked to do a survey whereby they were asked wich person is most likely to: - Marry happily
- Parent happily
- Be happy
Finally they were asked wich of the three people were most likely to engage in 30 different occupations of low, high and average status
results dion
unnatractive: 56.31, 1.7, 0.37,3.91,1.52
moderate: 62.42,2.02,0.71,4.55,1.82
very:65.39,2.25,1.7,3.54,2.17
strengths dion
- By using 100 students to rate attractiveness, construct validity is increased
- Practical application of the findings has been found. For example efran 1974 found that subjects were more lenient when sentencing attractive individuals
weaknesses dion
- Deception is ethically probablematc however helped to remove demand characteristics
- Ecological validity of the study is questionable, it may only be applicable to certain situations for example judging someone you met online or in a job application. It is questionable how preductive the results are within real life encounters
- Reductiotiost, whereby other factors such as emotional states influnce the halo effect
- Replication of the study has not been consistent therefore challenging the reliability eg derner and theil
Insercurely attached
avoidant (20% of children) the child shows apparent indifferences when mother leaves the room and avoid contact with her when she returns.
Sercureluy
when mother leaves, child is upset and when she comes back they are happy to see her again. Comforted easily by the mum
Insercurely attached -ambivalent
the child is very sad when the mum leaves, and cannot be comforted when she is back. The child both wants and rejects comfort at once
hazan and shaver aim
To determine if there is a correlation between attachment styles and satisfaction in romantic relationships
hazan and shaver participants
study 1: 620 people
14-82
205 men
415 women
91% heterosecual
study 2: 108 individuals. 38 men 70 women university students
Average age 18
quasi experiment, questionnaire
procedure hazan and shaver
A questionnaire was devised called the ‘love quiz’. It was divided into 3 parts
1st part had 56 statements concerning the participants most important relationship on a scale of SD, D, A ,SA - likert scake
2nd part asked specific questions about the nature of the relationship
2rd part included childhood questions with mother and farther and parents relationship with one another
Participants were asked to focus on one romantic relationship they thought was most important in their life
study 2:
Questionnaire was done as an in-class assignment
results hazan shaver
56% sercure attachment
25% avoidant
19% ambivalent insercure
Correlations were statistically significant but not strong meaning there is a relationship present but not a strong one between variables
The best predictor of attachement type was the participants perception of their relationships with their parents and their parents relationship with each other.
Securely attached people have readily available, attentive and responsive parents
Avoidant people said their parents were unresponsive rejecting and inattentive
Ambivalent people said their parents were anxious, sometimes responsive and not in touch with their needa
Follow up study results:
Similar percentages within each attachment style
Correlartions in study two were noticeably stronger
When study one was separated into age groups a stronger correlation was see in younger adults
views differences
Love experience:
Secure people described their most important relationships as happy friendly and trusting
The secure people were able to accept and support their partners nevertheless of faults
Secure average duration: 10.02 years
Ambivalent: 4.86
Avoidant: 5.97
Views:
Secure say that romantic feelings fade but can still reach the intensity they felt at the start of the relationship
Avoidant say that head over heels love doesnt exist
Ambivalent say they find it easy to fall in love and do frequently however fail to find ‘real loves’. They also believe romantic feeilgs fade
hazan and shaver conclusion
Researchers found some correlation between childhood attachment style and quality of adult relations, it is hard to draw so many conclusions between relations and say that all styles of childhood attachment will happen in adulthood
It is seen that age impacts relationship with parents and romaticrelationships and thus this continuity decreases as we age
strengths hazan and shaver
The follow up study used an opportunity sample which was important to establish credibility of the findings
As questionnaires were anonymous the social desirability factor was removed
weaknsesses hazan and shaver
- that participants may be more motivated to take part in the study. It could have meant they had a variable influencing the findings
- It is often challenging to describe romantic relations
- Peak end rule may distort memory
- People are unlikely to have perfect memory of relations with romatic and parents
- It would be useful to assess both people in a relationship and use data triangulation
- Only aske to answer one question on relationships, therefore doesnt determine a pattern
- Likeert scale may compromise construct validity
- Correlational, no cause and effect
