cognitive abilities

Question 1

what are cognitive abilities?

Answer 1

the capacity to reason, remember, understand, solve problems and make decisions

Question 2

what is intelligence?

Answer 2

personal attributes that centre on skill at info processing, problem solving and adapting to new or changing enviro

Question 3

what are the three main characteristics of intelligence?

Answer 3

• abstract thinking or reasoning abilities
• problem-solving abilities
• the capacity to acquire knowledge

Question 4

what is psychometrics?

Answer 4

the scientific study and measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personality and other psychological characteristics

Question 5

what is the psychometric approach?

Answer 5

a way of studying intelligence that emphasises analysis of the products of intelligence, especially scores on intelligence tests

Question 6

what is fluid intelligence?

Answer 6

the basic power of reasoning and problem-solving

Question 7

what is crystallised intelligence?

Answer 7

the specific knowledge gained as a result of applying fluid intelligence

Question 8

what is the information-processing model of memory?

Answer 8

memory model in which info is seen as passing through sensory, short-term and long-term memory

Question 9

what does the information-processing model of memory focus on?

Answer 9

identifying the mental processes involved in intelligent behaviour, not abilities that result in test scores and other products of intelligence

Question 10

what is the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence?

Answer 10

theory that describes intelligence as having analytical, creative and practical dimensions

Question 11

what does multiple intelligences focus on?

Answer 11

how people learn and use symbol systems such as language, mathematics and music

Question 12

what are multiple intelligences?

Answer 12

eight semi-independent kinds of intelligence

Question 13

what are the eight semi-independent kinds of multiple intelligences?

Answer 13

• linguistic
• logical-mathematical
• spatial
• musical
• body-kinaesthetics
• intrapersonal
• interpersonal
• naturalistic

Question 14

what is mental age?

Answer 14

a score that corresponds to the age level of the most advanced items a child could answer correctly on Alfred Binet’s first intelligence tests

Question 15

what is Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?

Answer 15

a test for determining a person’s intelligence quotient (IQ)

Question 16

what does Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale consist of?

Answer 16

10 main subtests to measure five different abilities

Question 17

what are the five different abilities in Stanford-Binet V?

Answer 17

• fluid reasoning
• knowledge
• qualitative reasoning
• visual-spatial processing
• working memory

Question 18

what is the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)?

Answer 18

an index of intelligence that reflects the degree to which a person’s score on an intelligence test deviates from the average score of others in the same age group

Question 19

what does IQ reflect?

Answer 19

your relative standing within a population of your age

Question 20

what is an aptitude measure?

Answer 20

tests designed to measure a person’s capacity to learn certain things or perform certain tasks

Question 21

what is the ultimate goal of aptitude measures?

Answer 21

assess your potential to learn or to perform well in some future situation

Question 22

what are achievement measures?

Answer 22

tests designed to measure what a person has accomplished or learned in a particular area

Question 23

what are tests?

Answer 23

systemic procedure for observing behaviour in a standard situation, with the help of a numerical scale or a category system

Question 24

what is a standardised test said to be?

Answer 24

objective

Question 25

what are norms?

Answer 25

descriptions of the frequency at which particular scores occur, allowing scores to be compared statistically

Question 26

what are the two most important things when determining the value of a test?

Answer 26

statistical reliability and validity

Question 27

what is statistical reliability?

Answer 27

the degree to which a test can be repeated with the same results

Question 28

how do you measure statistical reliability?

Answer 28

same group of people take test twice, this method assess test-retest reliability, correlation should be high

Question 29

what is statistical validity?

Answer 29

the degree to which test scores are interpreted correctly and used appropriately

Question 30

what are the three types of validity?

Answer 30

- content validity - predictive validity - construct validity

Question 31

what is content validity?

Answer 31

the degree to which the content of a test is fair and representative sample of what the test is supposed to measure

Question 32

what is criterion?

Answer 32

determining how well test scores correlate with an independent measure of what the test is supposed to assess

Question 33

what is criterion validity called?

Answer 33

predictive validity

Question 34

what is construct validity?

Answer 34

the extent to which scores suggest that a test is actually measuring the theoretical construct, that it claims to measure

Question 35

what is creativity?

Answer 35

the ability to produce new, high quality ideas or products

Question 36

what is divergent thinking?

Answer 36

the ability to think along many alternative paths to generate many different solutions to a problem

Question 37

what are three characteristics of creative behaviour?

Answer 37

- expertise in the field of endeavour - a set of creative skills - the motivation

Question 38

what is convergent thinking?

Answer 38

the ability to apply rules of logic and what one knows about the world to narrow down the possible solutions to the problem

Question 39

people who have an IQ lower than 70 are referred to as?

Answer 39

intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, cognitively disabled or mentally challenged

Question 40

what are three things that often characterise people with intellectual disability?

Answer 40

- perform certain mental operations more slowly - know fewer facts - not good at remembering to use certain mental strategies even if they know how

Question 41

what may learning difficulties or disability account for?

Answer 41

significant discrepancy between a person's measured intelligence and academic performance

Question 42

what is often seen in people who have learning difficulties?

Answer 42

have average or above-average IQs