Cognitive Approach - assumption 1: computer analogy

Question 1

Outline the computer analogy

Answer 1

• mind = computer
• we take in info (input), store/change it (process), recall it when necessary (output)

Question 2

in terms of the computer analogy, what things could be inputs

Answer 2

senses:
- sight
- sound
- taste
- touch
- smell

Question 3

in terms of the computer analogy, what are outputs

Answer 3

Thoughts, emotions, behaviour

Question 4

why are humans not completely like a computer

Answer 4

We have free will

Question 5

What is the example from psychology + who and when

Answer 5

• multistore model of memory
• Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)

Question 6

explain the multistore of memory

Answer 6

1. Environmental stimuli enter our sensory memory - we pay attention to stimuli. INPUT
2. because we pay attention to it = enters our Short term memory - storing info from Sensory memory. PROCESS
3. info then enters long term memory through rehearsal - after which we can recall this info even after a long period of time. OUTPUT

Question 7

explain how the multistore model of memory links to the computer analogy

Answer 7

• sensory memory works as an input,
• paying attention and rehearsal are forms of process
• and retrieval is an example of output

Question 8

Apply this assumption to a behaviour

Answer 8

• formation of relationships
• Social exchange theory, developed by Thibaut & Kelly: we are attracted to those whose benefits outweigh the costs as there’s a greater chance the relationship will form and last. Availability of other potential relationships also plays a role (comparison level for alternatives) in our expectations for relationships and readiness to end unsatisfying ones.
• individuals will observe such behaviours like laziness as costs (input), weigh up the costs and benefits (process) and then make a decision on the relationship (output)