Cognitive Bx Therapies Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
Beck’s CBT
A
-developed originally for depression
-EBP for bipolar d/o, generalized anxiety disorder, anorexia, bulimia, schizophrenia, OCD, PTSD
2
Q
Psychological disturbances according to CBT
A
-due to maladaptive cog schemas, automatic thoughts, & cognitive distortions
3
Q
Cognitive schemas
A
core beliefs developed during childhood
-result of experience and biological factors (ex bio reactivity to stress)
-enduring
-maladaptive or adaptive
-revealed in automatic thoughts
4
Q
Cognitive profiles
A
-different disorders associated with different maladaptive schemas
5
Q
Depression according to CBT
A
-negative beliefs about self, world, and the future
6
Q
Automatic thoughts
A
-verbal self-statements or mental images that come to mind spontaneously when triggered by circumstances & intercede between an event or stimulus and emotional or behavioral reactions
-can be positive or negative
7
Q
Negative automatic thoughts
A
-distortion of reality, emotional distress, and/or interfere with the pursuit of life goals
-can contribute to psychological distress
8
Q
Dysfunctional Thought Record
A
-used to record negative thoughts outside of therapy
-record event/situation that led to unpleasant emotion, automatic thoughts that precede the emotion, type of emotion, intensity on scale from 1-100, alternative rational response to automatic thought, and outcome (emotion & any change in bx elicited by rational response)
9
Q
Cognitive Distortions
A
-systematic errors in reasoning that effect thinking when a stressful situation triggers a dysfunctional schema that in turn affects the content of automatic thoughts
10
Q
Common cognitive distortions
A
-arbitrary inference
-selective abstraction
-dichotomous thinking
-personalization
-emotional reasoning
11
Q
Arbitrary inference
A
-drawing negative conclusions without any supporting evidence
12
Q
Selective Abstraction
A
-paying attention to and exaggerating a minor negative detail of a situation while ignoring other aspects of the situation
13
Q
Dichotomous thinking
A
-classify things into one of two extremes
Ex. Success or failure
14
Q
Personalization
A
- concluding someone’s actions cause an external event without evidence for that conclusion
15
Q
Emotional reasoning
A
- reliance on one’s emotional state to draw conclusions about self, others, & situations.
16
Q
Goals of CBT
A
- correct faulty information processing
- help patients modify assumptions that maintain maladaptive behaviors and emotions
17
Q
CBT therapist approach
A
- an active structured approach
- use a variety of cognitive and behavioral techniques
18
Q
Cognitive techniques used in CBT
A
- redefining the problem
- reattribution
- decatastrophizing
19
Q
Behavioral techniques used in CBT
A
- behavioral rehearsal
- exposure therapy
- guided imagery
20
Q
Essential feature of CBT
A
- reliance on collaborative empiricism
- Socratic dialogue
21
Q
Collaborative empiricism
A
- collaborative therapeutic alliance between the therapist and client
,- work as co-investigators and examine the evidence to accept support reevaluate or reject the client’s thoughts, assumptions, intentions and beliefs
22
Q
Socratic dialogue
A
- involves asking the client questions that are designed to clarify and define the client’s problems
-identify the thoughts and assumptions that I underline those problems
- and evaluate the consequences. Maintaining maladaptive thoughts and assumptions
23
Q
Rational emotive behavior therapy
A
-Ellis
- attribute psychological disturbances to irrational beliefs
24
Q
Irrational beliefs
A
-rebt
- absolute or dogmatic
- expressed in the forms of mass, shoulds, odds, have tos
- lead to negative emotions at largely interfere with goal pursuit and attainment
25
A-B-C-D-E
-REBT
- explain psychological disturbance and the process of change in therapy
26
A
- activating event
27
B
- the clients irrational beliefs about that event
28
C
- the emotional or behavioral consequence of that belief
29
D
- the therapist use of techniques that dispute the client's irrational belief
30
E
- the effects of these techniques
- the replacement of their rational beliefs with the more rational one
31
Practitioners of REBT
- use a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and emotive techniques
- active disputation of irrational beliefs
- rational-emotive imagery
- systematic desensitization
- skills training
32
Research on REBT
- It's an effective treatment for depression, anxiety, conduct problems, anger, and several other disorders and conditions
33
Self-instructional training
-Miechenbaum
- initially developed to teach problem solving skills to kids with high levels of impulsivity
- five stages
34
Five stages of self-instructional training
- cognitive modeling stage
- over external guidance stage
- over itself guidance stage
- faded overt guidance stage
- cover self-instruction stage
35
Cognitive modeling stage
- self-instructional training
-stage 1
- children observe a model perform a task while the model verbalizes instructions aloud
36
Overt external guidance stage
-stage 2
Self-instructional training
children perform the same task while the model verbalizes instructions
37
Overt self-guidance stage
Self-instruction training
Stage 3
- children perform the task while verbalizing the instructions allowed to themselves
38
Faded over guidance stage
- self-instructional training
- stage 4
- children perform the task while whispering the instructions
39
Covert self-instruction stage
Self-instructional training
Stage 5
- children perform the task while repeating the instructions subvocally
40
Instructions in self -instructional training
- address 4 skills
- identifying the nature of the task
- focusing attention on the task and behaviors needed to complete it
- providing self reinforcement that sustains appropriate behavior
- evaluating performance and correcting errors
41
Stress inoculation training
-miechenbaum
- focuses on improving the ability for clients to deal with ongoing and future stressful situations by a teaching effective coping skills
- three phases
42
Three phases of stress inoculation training
- conceptualization/ education phase
- skills acquisition phase & consolidation phase
- application and follow through phase
43
Conceptualization/ education phase
- stage one
- stress inoculation training
- clients are provided with information about stress and it's effects
- encouraged to view view stressful situations as problems to be solved
44
Skills acquisition phase and consolidation phase
Stress inoculation training
- stage 2
- learn a variety of cognitive and behavioral coping strategies which may include relaxation, self-instruction, and problem solving
45
Application and follow through phase
Stress inoculation training
Stage 3
- new use newly acquired coping skills first and imagined and role playing situations and then in real life encounters
46
Acceptance and commitment therapy
- based on the assumptions that psychological pain is both universal and normal, part of what makes us human
- psychological and flexibility causes psychological problems and is characterized by rigid dominance of psychological reactions chosen over values and contingencies and guiding action
47
Pain in ACT
- clean pain
- dirty pain
48
Clean pain
ACT
- also known as clean discomfort
- refers to natural levels of physical and psychological discomfort that are inevitable and cannot be controlled
49
Dirty pain
ACT
- ALSO KNOWN AS DIRTY DISCOMFORT
- emotional suffering that is caused by attempts to control or resist clean pain
50
Goal of ACT
- increase psychological flexibility by addressing the six core processes that foster acceptance, mindfulness, commitment, and behavior changed and counter the process that contributes to psychological inflexibility
51
Experiential acceptance
ACT
- COUNTERS EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE AND IS THE ACTIVE AND AWARE EMBRACE OF PRIVATE EXPERIENCES WITHOUT UNNECESSARY ATTEMPTS TO CHANGE THEIR FREQUENCY OR FORM
52
Cognitive diffusion
ACT
- counters cognitive fusion
- ability to distance one cell from one's thoughts and feelings and view them as experiences rather than reality
53
Awareness of self as context
ACT
- counters attachment to the conceptualized self
- the ability to view oneself as a context in which one's thoughts and feelings occur rather than the thoughts and feelings themselves
54
Values-based actions
ACT
- COUNTER UNCLEAR, COMPLIANT, OR AVOIDED MOTIVES
- depend on the ability to use ones freely chosen values to guide one's behaviors
55
Committed action
ACT
- COUNTERS IN ACTION, IMPULSIVITY, AND AVOIDANT PERSISTENCE
- The commitment to continue to act in ways consistent with one's values in the future, even when faced with obstacles
56
ACT interventions
- Target the six processes and include metaphors, mindfulness strategies and experiential exercises
57
What disorders is a CT evidence-based treatment for?
- chronic pain
- psychosis
- depression
- anxiety disorders
-OCD
58
Mindfulness
- the moment to moment awareness of one's experiences without judgment
59
Mindfulness
- has been incorporated into several therapeutic approaches including act and DBT
- core strategy of mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness base cognitive therapy
60
MBSR
-- mindfulness space stress reduction
- was originally developed to make mindfulness meditation available and accessible, and a Western medical setting while remaining true to the essence of the Buddhist teaching
- used to help people cope with stress, pain, and illness
- consists of eight session group program which focuses on teaching participants. Several mindfulness meditation practices including breathing, yoga, and sitting and walking meditation
61
MBCT
Mindfulness space cognitive therapy
- combines elements of MBSR and CBT
- originally developed as a method for treating recurrent depression
- effective treatment for depression, anxiety, chronic pain and insomnia
62
Primary goals of MBCT
- enable clients to become self-aware so that they can learn to decent her from distressing, thoughts, feelings, body sensations and behaviors
63
Interventions of MBCT
- incorporate psycho education, mindfulness meditation practice, and cognitive behavioral techniques
- eight session group program
64
Research on MBCT
- effective for treating psychological disorders and physical/ medical conditions
- more effective for psychological disorders, especially depression, anxiety and stress
- no clear consensus about the mechanisms that are responsible for its effectiveness, but several mechanisms have been proposed
65
Mechanisms proposed for the effectiveness of MBCT
- attention regulation, emotion regulation, body awareness and decentering
66
Body awareness
- MBCT
- the awareness of one's internal states
67
Decentering
Mbct
- reperceiving
- the ability to separate one's thoughts and emotions and view them objectively as transient mental events
68
Cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide intervention
- several versions
- cognitive therapy for suicide prevention (CT-SP)
- brief cognitive therapy for suicide prevention (BCBT)
- cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention (CBT-SP)
69
CT-SP
- was designed to prevent suicide attempts by adults who recently attempted suicide
70
BC BT
- developed for active duty members of the military
- incorporates many of the elements of CT-SP
71
CT-SP and BCBT
- consist of three phases that focus on emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility, and relapse prevention
72
CBT-SP
- developed for adolescents who recently attempted suicide and combines elements of CBT and DBT
- acute and continuation phases that include individual and family sessions
73
Acute phases of CBT-SP
- consist of chain analysis, safety planning, psycho education, addressing reasons for living, and case conceptualization
74
Chain analysis
- identification of events that led to the suicide attempt
75
Continuation phase
- CBT-SP
- focuses on generalizing and consolidating behaviors and cognitive skills and relapse prevention
76
Safety planning intervention
- essential component of cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention
- can be used as a component of CBT or standalone intervention in emergency departments or other emergency situations or any other time when long-term care is not feasible or available
77
Six steps of safety planning intervention
- start with the use of internal strategies and switch to external strategies when internal strategies do not work
1. Recognize the warning signs of imminent suicidal crisis
2. Use internal coping strategies
3. Utilizing social contracts as a means of distraction or support
4. Contacting family or friends that may help resolve the crisis
5. Contacting mental health professionals or agencies
6. Reducing access to legal means
78
Research on SPI
- SPI and other safety plans are useful for reducing suicidality
- no empirical evidence supporting the use of no suicide contracts
79
Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapies for suicide prevention
- reduce suicidal ideations and suicide attempts, feelings of hopelessness and depression
These benefits occur regardless of the person's gender, severity of suicidal ideation, and the number of suicide attempts
