Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSY4170 - Neuroscience of Cognition and Behaviour > Cognitive Control and Social Cognition > Flashcards

Cognitive Control and Social Cognition Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is cognitive control

A

The ability to flexibly adapt behaviour to meet a goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is social cognition

A

The cognition we apply to make sense of social situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is associative memory affected by frontal lobe damage

A

Relatively unaffected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is recognition memory affected by frontal lobe damage

A

Relative unaffected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is working memory affected by frontal lobe damage

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is recency memory affected by frontal lobe damage

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is source memory affected by frontal lobe damage

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is source memory?

A

The context in which memories are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What brain region is activated during working memory tasks?

A

Lateral prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What brain regions are activated during working memory via the phonological loop?

A
  • Prefrontal cortex
  • Left secondary auditory cortex
  • Left inferior parietal lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What hemisphere is most involved with working memory via the phonological loop?

A

Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What hemisphere is involved with working memory via the visuo-spatial sketchpad

A

Bilateral regions are activated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What brain regions are involved with working memory via the visuo-spatial sketchpad

A

Dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the marginal value theorem

A

animals exploit a particular environment until the intake rate falls below the average intake for the overall environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In decision making, what does dopamergic activity represent

A

The difference between the obtained reward and the expected reward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the reward prediction error

A

The difference between the obtained reward and the expected reward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of neurons provide a signal of reward expectancy to dopamine neuorns?

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In goal-oriented behaviour, what brain region is related to understanding the goal task

A

Lateral prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In goal-oriented behaviour, what brain region is related to monitoring the goal task

A

Medial prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In goal-oriented behaviour, lesions to what region cause lower inhibitory control

A

Prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the trade-off in PFC efficiency in task-relevant information

A

Novel thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does a task goal modulate perceptual processing?

A

Task-relevant information is amplified or task-irrelevant information is inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What brain regions are involved in inhibition of action

A
  • Right inferior frontal gyrus

- Subthalamic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What brain regions are engaged when a task becomes more difficult?

A

The medial frontal cortex (particularly the anterior cingulate cortex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the attentional hierarchy hypothesis
The medial front cortex plays a critical role in coordinating activity across attention systems
26
What is the error detection hypothesis
The medial frontal cortex provides a response correlated with tasks error, or more specifically, unexpected feedback
27
What is the response conflict hypothesis
When the monitoring system detects a conflict, there is increased activity in the anterior cingulate to modulate activity in other areas
28
What are the four main areas of the prefrontal cortex involved in cognitive control
- Lateral prefrontal cortex - Frontal pole - Orbitofrontal cortex - Medial frontal cortex
29
What is perservation
Persisting in a response after being told it is wrong
30
What beahviour replaces goal-oriented behaviour in patients with frontal lesions
Stimulus driven behav iour
31
What is utilization behaviour
Extreme dependency on prototypical response for guiding behaviour
32
What mental health disorders are correlated with deficits in cognitive control
OCD, depression, schizophrenia, ADHD, ASPD and psychopath
33
What real-world factors contribute to deficits in cognitive control
Stress, loneliness and poor health
34
What are three types of cells involved in working memory
what, where and what-where
35
What brain region is involved with representation of a task goal
Lateral prefrontal cortex
36
What brain region sustain relevant information for a goal across a delay period
Interior temporal cortex
37
What does the ventral-dorsal gradient of the prefrontal cortex relate to
Maintenance and manipulation
38
What does the anterior-posterior gradient of the prefrontal cortex relate to
Abstraction (anterior is more abstract)
39
What does the lateral-medial gradient of the prefrontal cortex relate to
Environment (lateral) vs personal history/emotion (medial)
40
What is a primary reinforcer
A reinforcer that is of direct benefit to survival
41
What is a secondary reinforcer
A reinforcer that has no intrinsic value (e.g. money), but is associated with other reinfocers
42
Is IQ affected by frontal lesions?
Relatively unaffected
43
What areas of the prefrontal cortex are relevant to social cognition
Lateral and medial
44
What areas of the lateral prefrontal cortex are relevant to social cognition
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
45
What areas of the medial prefrontal cortex are relevant to social cognition
Orbitofrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex
46
What are the self-referential processing regions
- dlPFC - vmPFC - posterior cingulate cortex - medial and lateral parietal cortex
47
Acquired lesions in what area are associated with changes in social function
Orbitofrontal cortex
48
Deficits in theory of mind are associated with what disorders
Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder
49
Deficits in cognitive control and lack of empathy are associated with what disorders
Antisocial personality disorder
50
What brain region is associated with self-referential processing
Medial prefrontal cortex
51
What regions make up the default network
Medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, retrosplenial cortex, TPJ, medial temporal lobe and inferior parietal lobule
52
What region is important for differentiating positive and negative information about the self
Anterior cingulate cortex
53
What region is associated with embarrassment on review of social interactions
Orbitofrontal cortex
54
What region is associated with the ability to simulate future events from the first-person perspective
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex
55
What structure is crucial for mediating the feeling of spatial unity of self and body (embodiment)
TPJ
56
What is mental state attribution
We are folk psychologists
57
What is experience sharing theory
We simulate others and infer from that
58
What regions are associated in distinguishing between the self and others
Right anterior insula and mid-anterior cingulate cortex
59
What region is associated with observing people related to us
Medial prefrontal cortex
60
What regions are associated with making inferences about others mental states
Medial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction, superior temporal sulcus, temporal poles
61
What region is associated with impression formation
Medial prefrontal cortex
62
What region is associated with social background or life event
Right temporoparietal junction
63
What region is important for interpreting eye gaze in relation to mental states
Superior temporal sulcus
64
What region is activated in rational decision making
Orbitofrontal cortex
65
What region is associated with emotional decision making
Amygdala
66
What region is associated with impersonal moral decisions
Right lateral prefronal cortex and bilateral parietal lobes
67
What region is associated with personal moral decisions
Medial frontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus and amygdala
68
What is the difference in the default network between people with ASD and controls
No change in mPFC when switching
69
What region helps identify which social rules are appropriate
Orbitofrontal cortex
70
Lesions to what region disrupt ability to learn from negative feedback
Ventromedial frontal Lobe
71
What region is deactivated by negative words
Medial PFC

PSY4170 - Neuroscience of Cognition and Behaviour (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions