cognitive development pt 2 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is Executive Function?
An umbrella-like concept that involves higher-order, complex cognitive processes such as cognitive control, decision making, critical thinking, and creative thinking.
It encompasses various skills necessary for goal-directed behavior and self-regulation.
What is Cognitive Control?
Involves effective control and flexible thinking in areas such as controlling attention, reducing interfering thoughts, and being cognitively flexible.
Cognitive control increases with age during childhood and adolescence.
Define cognitive flexibility.
Being aware that options and alternatives are available and adapting to the situation.
It is a crucial aspect of cognitive control.
What role do emotions play in decision making?
Most people make better decisions when they are calm rather than emotionally aroused.
Emotional states can significantly impact the decision-making process.
Why is social context important in adolescent decision making?
Social context plays a key role in shaping the decisions made by adolescents.
It influences their choices and perspectives.
What is the importance of practice in adolescent decision making?
Adolescents need more opportunities to practice and discuss realistic decision-making.
This helps them develop better decision-making skills.
Define Critical Thinking.
Thinking reflectively and productively, evaluating evidence, and asking how and why things happen.
It includes examining supposed ‘facts’ and evaluating others’ claims.
What is mindfulness?
Moment-to-moment awareness of one’s experience without judgment.
It encourages active awareness of circumstances and motivates finding solutions.
What distinguishes creative thinking from convergent thinking?
Creative thinking produces many answers to the same question, while convergent thinking produces one correct answer.
Both are essential components of problem-solving.
What is metacognition?
Increased tendency to think about thought itself and manage one’s thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior.
It’s linked to the development of the brain’s prefrontal cortex.
Define the intelligence view.
The ability to solve problems and adapt and learn from experiences.
This view highlights the practical application of intelligence.
What are the three components of Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
- Analytical intelligence
- Creative intelligence
- Practical intelligence
Each component represents a different aspect of intelligence.
List Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences.
- Verbal
- Mathematical
- Spatial
- Bodily-kinesthetic
- Naturalistic
- Intrapersonal
- Interpersonal
- Musical
This theory expands the understanding of intelligence beyond traditional measures.
Define social intelligence.
Ability to perceive and express emotion accurately and adaptively, understand emotion and emotional knowledge, and manage emotion in oneself and others.
It is an important aspect of both Gardner’s and Sternberg’s theories.
What is emotional intelligence?
Theory that emphasizes interpersonal, intrapersonal, and practical aspects of intelligence.
It focuses on the ability to understand and manage emotions.
Define social cognition.
The way individuals conceptualize and reason about their social worlds.
It plays a crucial role in interpersonal interactions.
What is adolescent egocentrism?
The heightened self-consciousness of adolescents, reflected in their belief that others are as interested in them as they are in themselves.
This can lead to feelings of personal uniqueness and invulnerability.
What is the imaginary audience phenomenon?
Involves attention-getting behavior, where adolescents believe ‘everyone is going to notice’ them.
It contributes to their heightened self-awareness.
Define personal fable.
A sense of personal uniqueness and invulnerability, characterized by thoughts like ‘no one understands how I feel.’
This belief can influence risk-taking behaviors.
What is the purpose of egocentrism in adolescent cognitive development?
- Identity Formation
- Social Awareness
- Cognitive Growth
- Risk-Taking and Independence
Egocentrism aids in self-exploration and understanding social dynamics.
