Self, Identity, Emotion and Personality Flashcards
(20 cards)
Define The Self
all the characteristics of a person
Define Self understanding
The individual’s cognitive representation of the self - the substance and content of self-conceptions
What does Self understanding in adolescents require
Abstraction and idealism
Differentiation
Fluctuating self
(Unstable self vs fluctuating emotions)
Contradictions w/in self
Real vs ideal self
Social comparison
self-consciousness
More introspection and use of social mirror friends as resource
Self protection
Unconscious self
Older adolescents
Mental experiences beyond control awareness
Not quite yet a coherent, integrated self
Not until emerging adulthoo
what is Perspective taking
The ability to assume another person’s perspective and understand their thoughts and feelings
What is Social cognitive monitoring
Adolescents monitor their social world more extensively than they did when they were children
Define self-esteem and was to increase it for teens
DEF:The global evaluative dimension of the self, also referred to as self-worth or self-image
foster achievement
Provide emotional support and social approval
Help teens cope, not avoid
What is Self-concept
Domain-specific evaluations of the self
What is identity
it is the self-understanding is the inner reflection and awareness that fuels the construction
What is Erikson’s Ideas on Identity
Identity vs. Identity Confusion (13-21 years)
task/challenges are successfully = fidelity (psychological virtue characterised by the ability to relate to others and form genuine relationships
If task/challenge is not successfully = identity crisis and at-risk for identity confusion
Stages/statuses of identity
What does it start with
Crisis/ Exploration
- Period of identity development during which the teen is choosing among meaningful alternatives
Commitment
- A personal investment in what an individual is going to do
Four stages/ statuses (according to James Marcia)
- Identity Diffusion
The individual has neither explored nor committed to an identity, often showing little interest in doing so
2.Identity Foreclosure
The individual has committed to an identity without exploring alternatives, usually adopting beliefs from parents or authority figures
3.Identity Moratorium
The individual is actively exploring different identities but has not yet made a firm commitment
4.Identity Achievement
The individual has explored various options and made a committed choice, leading to a clear and stable sense of identity.
Name the three types of factors that affects the development of identity
1.Confidence that they have parental support
2.An established sense of industry
3.Ability to take a self-reflective stance toward the future
Define Emotion
a complex psychological and physiological response to stimulus that involves subjective feelings, psychological arousal and expressive behaviours.
what does emotion help with
individuals react to their environment, communicate with others and guide decision-making
Contributes to identity development
Basic emotions (universally recognised)
Happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust
Ways emotion impacts identity development
- Self understanding and self-concept
- Emotions provide feedback about what matters to an individual, shaping self-awareness and identity - Decision making and identity exploration
-Emotional responses guide choices about career paths relationships and values
3.Social-relationships and identity formation
-Emotions influence social connections, which are key to identity development
4.Coping with identity challenges
-Emotional resilience helps individuals navigate identity conflicts, self-doubt or societal pressures
5.Personal values and moral identity
-Emotions like guilt empathy and pride influence ethical decision-making and moral identity
define emotional competence
The ability to recognise, understand, express and regulate your own emotions and respond to the emotions and interactions of others
In adolescence individuals are more likely to become aware of their emotional cycles
Define Personality
The enduring personal characteristics of individuals
What are the big five personality traits (OCEAN)
O= openness
- Imaginative or practical
- Invested in variety or routine
- Independent or conforming
C= conscientiousness
- Organised or disorganised
- Careful or careless
- Disciplined or impulsive
E= extraversion
- Sociable or retiring
- Un-loving or somber
- Affectionate or reserved
A= Agreeableness
- Softhearted or ruthless
- Trusting or suspicious
- Helpful or uncooperative
N= neuroticism (emotional stability)
- Calm or anxious
- Secure or insecure
- Self-satisfied or self-pitying
Define temperament
Innate traits that influence how individuals react to their environment
forms foundation of temperament
Early temperament traits often predict later personality characteristics (ex: highly reactive infant may = anxious adult)
