Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 1

studies how the brain and other aspects of the nervous system are linked to cognitive processing and, ultimately, to behavior

Answer 1

cognitive neuroscience

Question 2

the basis for our ability to perceive, adapt to, and interact with the world around us

Answer 2

nervous system

Question 3

composition of the forebrain

Answer 3

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 4

outer layer of the cerebral hemisphere; plays a role in thinking and other mental processes

Answer 4

cerebral cortex

Question 5

collections of neurons crucial to motor function

Answer 5

basal ganglia

Question 6

dysfunctions in the basal ganglia can result to

Answer 6

motor deficits: tremors, involuntary movements, etc. parkinsons and huntingtons

Question 7

the limbic system is in charge of ___

Answer 7

emotion, motivation, memory, and learning

Question 8

composition of the limbic system

Answer 8

septum, amygdala, hippocampus

Question 9

function of the limbic system

Answer 9

suppression of instinctive responses; helps us adapt to changing environment

Question 10

involved in anger and fear

Answer 10

septum

Question 11

plays an important role in emotion, especially in anger and aggression

Answer 11

amygdala

Question 12

stimulation of the amygdala results in __

Answer 12

fear

Question 13

damage/lesions/removal of the amygdala can result in __

Answer 13

a maladaptive lack of fear

Question 14

the amygdala also enhances the perception of __. if there is a lesion, this would also be affected

Answer 14

emotional stimuli

Question 15

people with __ display limited activation in the amygdala

Answer 15

autism

Question 16

dysfunction and lesions to the amygdala leads to __

Answer 16

social impairment. lesions would lead to visual agnosia and hypersexuality

Question 17

essential in memory formation

Answer 17

hippocampus

Question 18

functions of the hippocampus

Answer 18

• flexible learning
• seeing relationships among items learned
• spatial memory

Question 19

the hippocampus monitors __

Answer 19

what is where

Question 20

people who suffered damage to or removal of the hippocampus __

Answer 20

can recall existing memories but unable to form new memories

Question 21

produces loss of memory function

Answer 21

korsakoff’s syndrome

Question 22

relays incoming sensory information through groups of neurons that project to the appropriate region in the cortex

Answer 22

thalamus

Question 23

the thalamus is divided into a number of nuclei…

Answer 23

each nucleus receives info from specific senses before relaying it to specific areas in the cerebral cortex

Question 24

the thalamus also helps in the control of __

Answer 24

sleep and waking

Question 25

schizophrenia and thalamus

Answer 25

hallucinations are caused by difficulties in filtering stimuli and focusing attention

Question 26

regulates behavior related to species survival: fighting, feeding, fleeing, mating

Answer 26

hypothalamus; it controls many bodily functions

Question 27

the hypothalamus also helps in __

Answer 27

regulating emotions, reacting to stress, playing a role in sleep

Question 28

hypothalamus and endocrine system

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involved in stimulating pituitary glands

Question 29

helps control eye movement and coordination

Answer 29

midbrain

Question 30

a network of neurons essential to regulating consciousness, including sleep, wakefulness, arousal, attention. has some control on vital functions

Answer 30

reticular activating system (RAS)

Question 31

RAS and thalamus

Answer 31

essential to conscious awareness or control over our existence

Question 32

composition of brainstem

Answer 32

hindbrain, midbrain, thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 33

controls heart activity and largely controls breathing, swallowing, and digestion

Answer 33

medulla oblongata

Question 34

contains neural fibers that pass signals from one part of the brain to another

Answer 34

pons

Question 35

controls bodily coordination, balance, and muscle tone

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cerebellum

Question 36

plays an extremely important role in human cognition

Answer 36

cerebral cortex

Question 37

processes the information that the brain receives and sends

Answer 37

gray matter

Question 38

the brain's interior which includes myelinated axons

Answer 38

white matter

Question 39

a dense aggregate of neural fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. is in charge of the integration of the two hemispheres

Answer 39

corpus collosum

Question 40

specific mental processes are correlated with discrete regions of the brain

Answer 40

localization of function

Question 41

contributes to language comprehension

Answer 41

wernicke's area

Question 42

contributes to speech

Answer 42

broca's area

Question 43

associated with motor processing, and higher thought processes

Answer 43

frontal lobe

Question 44

located at the front of the frontal lobe and is involved in complex motor control and tasks that require integration of info over time

Answer 44

prefrontal cortex

Question 45

planning, control, and execution of movement

Answer 45

primary motor cortex

Question 46

associated with somatosensory processing

Answer 46

parietal lobe

Question 47

receives information from the senses about pressure, texture, temperature, and pain

Answer 47

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 48

other tasks of the parietal lobe

Answer 48

- helps perceive space and our relation to it - consciousness and paying attention

Question 49

associated with auditory processing and comprehending language

Answer 49

temporal lobe

Question 50

the auditory region is primarily __

Answer 50

contralateral

Question 51

the temporal lobe is involved in retaining ___

Answer 51

visual memories

Question 52

associated with visual processing

Answer 52

occipital lobe

Question 53

areas in the lobe where sensory processing occurs

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projection areas

Question 54

what is connected to the projection areas?

Answer 54

thalamus, spinal cord leading to peripheral nervous system

Question 55

__ is primarily in the occipital lobe

Answer 55

visual cortex

Question 56

involved in mood, sleep, and appetite

Answer 56

serotonin

Question 57

involved in control of movement and sensations of pleasure

Answer 57

dopamine

Question 58

involved in arousal, attention, memory, controls muscles and contractions

Answer 58

acetylcholine

Question 59

involved in pain relief

Answer 59

endorphins

Question 60

involved in arousal and mood

Answer 60

norepinephrine

Question 61

involved in sleep and inhibits movement

Answer 61

GABA

Question 62

involved in learning, memory formation, nervous system development, and synaptic elasticity

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glutamate

Question 63

associated with alzheimer's

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acetylcholine

Question 64

associated with schizophrenia and parkinson’s disease

Answer 64

dopamine

Question 65

associated with anorexia

Answer 65

serotonin

Question 66

depression is associated with a greater number of nerve cells in the thalamus being devoted to __

Answer 66

emotional regulation