Cognitive - Pozzulo 2011 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the background of the study?
A
- Eye witness testimony putting innocent ppl in jail when target absent eyewitness still picks a person who is guilty
2
Q
What is the psychology being investigated in this study?
A
- Eyewitness testimony: ppl at crime / accident scene asked by police to tell them what they saw (interviewed w open / closed ques + questionnaire)
- False positive results: when witness picks out person from line up and says they were present at crime scene when they actually were not > ppt incorrectly identified as the foil may happen in children bcoz of social pressure than poor memory
3
Q
What were the aims of the study?
A
- Investigate if cognitive / social factors affect correct identification + false positives responses in line up
- Investigate correct identification + false positive responses in line up in relation to familiarity of target
Investigating whether children >
1. Less able to recognise human faces than adults
2. Make more false positives identifications than adults when faced with target absent + present line ups
3. Human faces and cartoon charecters
4
Q
Describe the child participants
A
- 59 children from ages of 4 - 7yrs old
- 21 grils
- 38 boys
- 3 kindergarten classes from 3 private schools
- Eastern Ontario in canada
5
Q
Describe the adult participants
A
53 adults
17 - 30 yrs
from introductory psychology participant pool in eastern ontario university
36 females
17 males
6
Q
What are the independent variables in the study?
A
- Age: young children (4-7yrs) + adults (17 - 30yrs)
- Nature of target faces: familiar cartoon charecters OR unfamiliar human faces
- Type of line up: Target present OR target absent
7
Q
What are the dependent variables in the study?
A
- Correct identification rates for target present line ups
- Correct rejection rates for target absent line ups
8
Q
What was the design of the study
A
- Mixed design
- Comparison on age, young children VS adult > INDEPENDENT
- identification of cartoon VS human faces and identifying from target present VS target absent lineups > REPEATED MEASURES
9
Q
Materials before the testing phase
A
- Each ppt / child parent given form for demographics + assess level of familiarity w target cartoons in study
- 8 questions for
- age
- gender
- first language
- ethnicity
- no. of kids in household and their ages
- how much time spent watching programme
10
Q
Human face targets
A
- 1 male + 1 female caucasian univeristy students (22 years old) as targets
- 6 second video
- female brushing her hair in the bathroom
- male putting on coat and leaving his home
- 2-3 second close up of individual face
- Video was in colour
11
Q
Human face foil
A
- Each human target photographed in different outfit than what worn in video clip
- foil selected from pool of 90 female + 90 male faces
- Selected based on similar appearance to intended target
- general facial structure, hair length, hair colour
- 3 raters selected 4 foils for each target
- Cropped images head and neck
- Black n white
- Target present: target + 3 foil
- Target absent: 4 foil no target
12
Q
cartoon targets + foils
A
- 1 female + 1 male cartoon charecter
- 6 second clips
- Dora talking to audience
- Diego putting on gloves
- close up of face
- in colour
- no sound
- foils selected from vast range on internet
- facial structure, hair length, colour
- 3 raters judged 10 for each target
- Similar clothes cropped to top of shoulders reduce appearance of clothes
- Black n white
- so colours not focus but actual target is focus
13
Q
what was the procedure for the children?
A
- parents given consent form + demographic sheet
- 3 female experimenters + 1 female facilitator
- researchers introduced as grp from uni doing project on TV shows + computer programmes
- made clear to children that they could change minds at any time
- create level of comfort did arts and crafts with children before
- children tested individually monitored for stress / fatigue / anxiety
- Child told would watch video pay attention ask ques after
- after viewing exp. ask child one free recall question> what did the cartoon charecter / person look like?
- exp. then asked do you remember anything else?
if child no response to 1st question asked > do u remember anything from video? - record info
- asked child to identify cartoon / person they saw in videos by pointing
- told child person may / may not be there
- point to sillhouette box if not there
- procedure repeated for other 3 videos
each time remindings that person may not be in lineup - After completing children thanked and given gift (crayons / colour book)
14
Q
what was the facilitators role?
A
responsible for entertaining children while they waited to complete the experiment
15
Q
what was the procedure for adults?
A
- ppt given consent form that explained study looking at memory
- Told would watch video clips + pay attention
- after 1st video ppt provided w sheet
- Then asked what did cartoon charecter / person look like
- Then asked do you remember anything else abt cartoon / person then write down everything they could remember
- Then showed lineup via powerpoint on laptop
- asked ppt to identify cartoon / person seen in video see if present in lineup on matching sheet
- informed ppt may not be there and select silhouette box
- repeat for 3 videos > reminded may not be there
- after completion given demographic questionnaire assesing familiarity w cartoons
- Debriefed and thanked
