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Psychology - Cognitive > Cognitive Practical Investigation > Flashcards

Flashcards in Cognitive Practical Investigation Deck (21)
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1
Q

Abstract (main points)

A
> Aim
> Alternative hypothesis
> Participants
> Opportunity sampling
> Procedure
2
Q

Introduction (main points)

A

> The multi-store model of memory explains how we remember information (rehearsal)
We tested this theory
Aim
Hypothesis

3
Q

Aim

A

Does rehearsal of information affect how well we remember it?

4
Q

Variables (IV & DV)

A

IV: time allowed for rehearsal / rehearsal prevented by counting backwards in 3s from 276
DV: the number of words remembered from a list

5
Q

Alternative hypothesis

A

There will be a significant difference in the number of words recorded from a list when rehearsal is prevented. More words will be recorded when rehearsal is not prevented.

6
Q

Null hypothesis

A

there will be no significant difference in the number of word recorded from a list.

7
Q

Participants

A

20 participants
5 male, 15 female
aged 16 (year 12)
psychology students at the same sixth form

8
Q

Sampling method

A

opportunity

9
Q

Apparatus

A

whiteboard, projector, pen, paper, 2 lists of 15 words, computer, timed slideshow

10
Q

Procedure (8 steps)

A
  1. provide pen and paper
  2. Ps prevented with one word at a time, 3 seconds each
  3. rehearsal prevention for 1 minute (counting backwards from 276 in 3s)
  4. free recall memory test - Ps wrote down as many words as they could remember - 2 mins
  5. Ps calculated how many words they recalled
  6. another list of 15 words presented to Ps, one at a time, 3 seconds each
  7. Ps allowed 1 minute rehearsal time
  8. free recall memory test of 2nd list
11
Q

Controls (4)

A
  • noise > the room was silent
  • time > same time for rehearsal and prevention
  • words > same number for each list, similar length
  • same Ps
12
Q

Ethical issues (4)

A
  • no informed consent > consent gained but not informed
  • deception > Ps couldn’t know true aim
  • right to withdraw > allowed at any time
  • debrief > deceit rectified, true aim told
13
Q

Results

A
SCORE 1
Mean: 6.85
Median: 6
Mode: 6
Range: 12
SCORE 2
Mean: 8.3
Median: 7
Mode: 7
Range: 12
14
Q

Conclusion

A

Rehearsal does affect how well we remember information.

15
Q

Evaluation: generalisability

A

Low - limited sample due to similar Ps

16
Q

Evaluation: reliability

A

High - standardised procedure (e.g. same amount of time for each word list for each P and same words)

High - strict control over extraneous variables (controlled noise level)

17
Q

Evaluation: applications

A

Yes - advice to students that rehearsal of information helps you to remember it

18
Q

Evaluation: validity

A

High - strict control over extraneous variables so we can establish cause and effect relationship –> we know a change in our DV is due to a change in the IV and nothing else

High - repeated measures participant design means controlled participant variables

Low ecological validity - artificial environment influences behaviours

19
Q

Evaluation: ethics

A

High - Ps given right to withdraw at any time and were debriefed

However - deceit and no informed consent

20
Q

Evaluation: order effects

A

due to repeated measures participant design: practise = improvement OR fatigue after one go

21
Q

Improvements for future research

A

G - wider sample

V - more natural environment