Cognosy

Question 1

History of cognosy

Answer 1

Galen- opium

Le mery- imp extractn alc solv

William witherin- percolation

Swede linnaus- classified plants acc to binomial sys

Dersone - narcotine from opium

Sertuerner- morphine from opium

Stass Otto- extraction procedure for glycosidic drug

Shushruta- 760 herbs and 7 sets life saving

Charaka- 50 groups of 10 herbs

Hippocrates-father of medicine and study of hap

Aristotle-animal kingdom

Theophratus- plant kingdom

Diascorides- thousands of medicinal plants in de materia Medica

Question 2

Classification of soil

Answer 2

1- according to the size of the mineral matter( fine clay, coarse clay, fine sand, coarse sand)
2- according to % of organic matter
(Poor, intermediate and rich)
3- according to % of clay present in soil
( clay soil, loamy, slit loamy, sand loam, Sandy, calcareous)

Question 3

Natural pesticides

Answer 3

•Neem - azadirachta indica - malliacea

•Tobacco- Nicotiana tobaccum- solanaceae

•Pyrethrum - Chrysanthemum cinererifolium- compositae

•Citronella oil- cymbopogon nardus- graminae

•Derris root - derris elliptica- leguminosae

•Ryania- Ryania speriost - flacourtriaceae

Question 4

Classification of crude drugs

Answer 4

Alphabetical
morphological
taxonomical
chemical
chemo-taxonomical
pharmacological

Question 5

Classification of glycosides

Answer 5

-Based on the number of sugars
-based on the nature of sugar
-chemical nature of aglycon
-glycosidic linkage
-based on pharmacological action

Question 6

Classification of alkaloids

Answer 6

Chemical- true, proto, pseudo
Biosynthetic
Taxonomical
Pharmacological