Cology Flashcards
(9 cards)
Oral hypoglycemic drugs
- Enhance insulin secretion
- overcome insulin resistance
- retard carbohydrate absorption
- miscellaneous drugs
Drugs that enhance insulin secretion?
Drugs-
1) K atp channel blockers:
•Sulphonylureas. •Meglitinides
#glipizide #repaglinides
#glimipiride #nateglinides
2) DPP 4 inhibitors
#sitagliptin
#vildagliptin
Drugs that overcome insulin resistance?
1) Biguanide
#metformin
2) Thizolidinedione
#pioglitazone
#rosiglitazone
1) Retard carbohydrate absorption?
2) miscellaneous drugs?
1) Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
#acarbose
#voglibose
2) - SGLT2 Inhibitors
#dapagliflozin
#canagliflozin
- Dopamine d2 agonist
#bromocriptin
Name all 3 thyroid hormones.
- Tri-iodothyronine ( T3 )
- Tetra iodothyronin or Thyroxine ( T4 )
- Calcitonin
Stages of synthesis of Thyroid Hormones?
Stages:
1- Synthesis of thyroglobulin
( a large glycoprotein containing 140 molecules of amino acid tyrosine )
2- Iodide trapping
( Iodide pump)
3- Oxidation of Iodide
( thyroid peroxidase)
4- Transport of Iodine into Follicular cavity
( iodide- chloride pump: pendrin )
5- Iodination of Tyrosine
( - organification of thyroglobulin
- iodinase enzyme
- monoiodotyrosine_MIT and di-iodotyrosine_DIT )
6- Coupling reactions
( T3, rT3 and T4 )
Coupling Reactions in T3 and T4 hormone synthesis?
Tyrosine + I = MIT
MIT + I = DIT
DIT + MIT = Tri- iodothyronin ( T3 )
MIT + DIT = reverse T3 / rT3
DIT + DIT = Tetra iodothyronin or Thyroxine ( T4 )
Factors modifying drug effect
1) body size
2) age
3) sex
4) route of administration
5) species and race
6) genetics
7) time of administration
8) pathological conditions
9) psychological conditions
10) environmental factors and time of administration
11) tolerance
12) drug interaction
( Additive effect, synergism and antagonism)
Enlist various routes of administration.
Local Systemic
- topical - oral
- deeper tissues - sublingual
- arterial supply - rectal
- cutaneous
- inhalation
- nasal
- parenteral
