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Cold War - B Flashcards

(21 cards)

1
Q

keannans long telegram - what is it + impact

A

sent 1946
- ‘there can be no permenant peaceful co-existance’ - ideological tensions
- became basis for US foreign policy towards USSR

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2
Q

novikov telegram

A

sent 1946
- highlights USSR paranoia and fear of capitalist infultration + american colonization
- in line with Stalins actions in EE - marginalization of politial opponents to comunist parties to ensure support in buffer zone

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3
Q

truman doctrine

A

1947
- US commitment to the containment of the spead of communism
- re-enforced with marshall plan 1948 - essentially creating the political and economic division wtihin europe - further entrenched devide

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4
Q

process of soviet takeover of EE

A

‘salami tactics’
- formation of coalition government -> marginalisation of opponents to communist party -> succesful elections of communist government with veneer of legimacy

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5
Q

evidence for soviet takeover in EE

A
  • communist government voted in by 89% in Poland, 98% in Romania, largely due to voter intimidation + forced appointment of communist MP, salami tactics
  • czecholsovakia - communist leadership despite just 10% voted for it, opposition then made illigal
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6
Q

soviet takeover of baltic states

A
  • reoccupation of baltic states by red army from 1944
  • 50,000 citizens formed resistance, however red army sent 500,000 to deportation camps + gulags
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7
Q

tensions over soviet expansion in EE

A
  • viewed by Stalin as necessary and justified self defence - paranoia and betrayal due to Western powers betrayal of czechoslovakia at 1938 munich
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8
Q

aims of marshall aid

A
  • aimed at restoring economic stability in western europe to slow the spread of communism + its appeal
  • agreed by congress after the fall of czechoslovakia in 1948 - fear of soviet expansionism
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9
Q

course of marshall aid

A
  • 13 billion dollars given to various western states by 1951
  • uk and france recieved 3000 million each
  • 11% of all marshall aid was recieved by west germany
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10
Q

consequences of marshall aid

A
  • west germany -> aid recieved helped facilitate economic and industrial recovery
  • USSR prohibited eastern bloc from accepting marshall aid due to american imperialism -> caused an eccentuated economic devide between east and west europe
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11
Q

causes of berlin blockade

A
  • currency reform in west germany - introduction of deutchmark, then bizonia recieved marshall aid
  • caused soviet interference with rail and road routs to berlin throughout 1948
  • ulbricht’s moves for a united germany were basically moves for a soviet germany -> hardened western opposition to soviet influence and streanghtening of their hold on germany
  • soviets walked out of ACC meeting in 1948
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12
Q

events of berlin blockade

A
  • stalin bloccaded routs into west germany in a bid to force west to abandon their section of Berlin
  • us and uk supplied almost 8000 tonnes of food per day for 320 days through airlift, until stalin removed road blocks
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13
Q

consequences of berlin blockade

A
  • creation of trizonia then FDR in 1949, DDR established a few months later
  • NATO formed 1949 - need for stronger military and diplomatic alliances between western powers
  • USSR responded with warsaw pact in 1955 - creation of two polerised military camps
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14
Q

causes for the formation of NATO

A
  • soviets appeared agressive and expansionist - berlin blocade, takeover of czechoslovakia -> need for allied military alliance
  • USSR succesfully tested atom bomb in 1949
  • china became a communist state from 1949
  • need for increased european militarisation - jist 12 western divisions in europe compared to 25 USSR
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15
Q

hallestine doctrine

A
  • FDRs constitution formally commited to the re-unification of germany
  • FDR to have no diplomatic relations with any nation that recognises DDR - undermining their legitimacy
  • the hard line policy ensured that division between the two germanys remained untill recognition and cooperation (1972 ostpolitik)
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16
Q

what is stalins note?

A

1952
- proposed joining of two germanys and free elections
- credible - DDR was an economic burden to the USSR
- not credible - stalin could expand soviet influence further with a united and recongised soviet germany
- unification would stipulate neutrality and disarmarment - easier to occupy

17
Q

economic divisions between east and west germ

A

FDR
- marshal plan at 10% of 13 billion dollars
- economic miracle - 3rd strongest industry by 1951
- mechanical engineering had doubled between 52 and 53

DDR
- stripped by USSR for reparations
- collectivisation of industry for benefit of USSR
- prioritization of heavy industry over consumer goods
- agrarian reforms = 15,000 had left the country in the 50s

18
Q

political// military division between two germs

A

FDR
- international recognised, parlimentary democracy
- joined NATO in 1955
- 350,000 soldiers by 1961

DDR
- under influence of USSR + warsaw pact - policies were not decided by people, but by politbeauro
- not recognised internationally due to hallstein doctrine - only engaged with warsaw pact countries

19
Q

causes of 1953 uprising

A
  • collectivisation and prioritization of USSR over east german citizens
  • lack of change despite the death of stalin in 1953
  • ulbrichts impostion of higher work quotas
20
Q

course of 1953 uprising

A
  • 400,000 protesters took to the streets demanding economic and political reform
  • crushed by 600 red army tanks, and 200,000 troops
21
Q

consequences of 1953 uprising

A
  • ussr demonstrated willingness to use force to maintain subservience and controll over bloc
  • lack of western action = political division between east and west sustained
  • heightened the movement of east germans to western europe - eventually led to berlin wall
  • soviet support allowed ulbricht to push more hard line policies without fears of reprocussion
  • formation of stasi and imprisonment of over 5000