Cold War Chrisis 1958-70

Question 1

What was the refugee Crisis ?

Answer 1

By 1958 4 million people from east germany left for better living conditions

Question 2

Khrushchevs Berlin Ultimatum

Answer 2

•gave the west 6 months to withdraw from east Berlin and demilitarise
•Khrushchev met with Eisenhower and no solution was met
•Khrushchev ended up removing his ultimatum

Question 3

Paris conference 1960

Answer 3

Khrushchev walked out of a conference with Eisenhower as he refused to apologise for spying on the ussr with a plane

Question 4

Vienna summit 1961

Answer 4

Khrushchev brung back his ultimatum but Kennedy refused and both prepared for war

Question 5

Cuban revolution 1959

Answer 5

•USA refused to buy goods from Cuba so Castro made deals with the ussr
•group of revolutionaries led by Castro and Guevara topples pro American cuban government

Question 6

Impact of the Berlin wall on USSR and US relations

Answer 6

•reduced tension
•a sign of long lasting cold war
•propaganda victory for the west as it showed a wall was needed to stop the people from leaving

Question 7

Construction of the Berlin wall

Answer 7

•13th Aug 1961 east germany began to place barbed wire fences which was replaced with a concrete wall
•west berlin was shut off completely from east Berlin Oct 196
•around 140 dead from trying to escape east Berlin to get into west
•Kennedy visited in June 1963 and had a speech

Question 8

Cuban missile crisis Oct 1962

Answer 8

•American spy planes took pictures of an alleged nuclear weapon
•Kennedy placed a naval blockade around Cuba
•USSR ships saw this and did not engage
•agreed that the USSR would dismantle their nuclear missiles the US got rid of theirs in Turkey (non publicly)

Question 9

Bay of pigs crisis April 1961

Answer 9

•US sent around 1400 exiled cuban rebels to overthrow Castro but were defeated
•Humiliated the US and forced Castro to turn to the USSR for help

Question 10

Consequences of the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 10

•hotline established in 1963 which was direct communication between Moscow and Washington
•outer space treaty established in 1967 banned nuclear weapons being tested in outer space
•Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty established in 1968 said that countries not allowed to share ☢️technology
•limited test ban treaty established in 1963 banned nuclear weapons being tested in atmosphere and ocean

Question 11

Brezhnev doctrine 1968

Answer 11

USSR had the right to invade any country in its “sphere of influence” which threatened the stability of eastern europe

Question 12

The Prague spring

Answer 12

•in Apr 1968 Dubcek (Czechoslovakia leader) wanted to give political freedom and reduce USSR control
•Dubcek said that he would stay in the Warsaw pact but Brezhnev sent troops to show authority