End Of The Cold War 1970-91

Question 1

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 1979

Answer 1

•A communist became leader(Taraki) in 1978 which started a civil war with the mujahideen
•Taraki assassinated in 1979 and replaced with Hafizullah Amin
•Afghanistan government asked USSR to help so they invaded in Dec 1979
•USSR killed Armin and declared pro communist Karmal as president

Question 2

Helsinki conference 1975

Answer 2

•USSR accepted that west berlin did not belong to them
•need for closer economical,scientific and cultural links between the super powers
•Agreed to respect human rights (freedom of speech)

Question 3

Detente (easing tension)

Answer 3

•SALT 1 signed by Nixon and Brezhnev in 1972 restricted the amount of ballistic missiles they could have but didn’t limit nuclear production

•SALT 2 signed by Carter and Brezhnev in 1979 limited both to only 2400 strategic nuclear weapons until 1985,but the US refused to ratify the treaty due to the invasion of Afghanistan

Question 4

Consequences of the soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 4

•US imposed economic sanctions to the USSR
•Carter doctrine made which would not allow the USSR to expand into the middle east
•Ended Detente (SALT 2 not ratified)
•US and over 60 other countries boycotted Moscow olympics in 1980 so the USSR did the same in LA in 1984

Question 5

Gorbachevs fall of power

Answer 5

•lack of control over satellite states
•several countries declared themselves independent from the soviets in 1990
•12 leaders of soviet republicans joined in a commonwealth of independent states
•Gorbachev resigned and the soviet union dissolved

Question 6

End of the Warsaw pact

Answer 6

Military cooperation ended between members ended on July 1990 and the pact was fully dissolved in 1991 which ment that the countries in the Warsaw pact could govern themselves and abandon communism

Question 7

Fall of the Berlin wall Nov 1998

Answer 7

•Berlin brought down which was a symbol of communist collapse
•soviet troops withdrew from from east Germany
•encouraged eastern Europe to rise against communism
•led to reunification of east and west Germany Nov 1990

Question 8

Strategic defence initiative 1983

Answer 8

Scientists began to work to prevent soviet nuclear missiles from from reaching the US by creating a laser shield. USSR didnt have enough money to keep up with US advancements so they ended up going bankrupt

Question 9

When did Gorbachev rise into power

Answer 9

Mar 1985. Pushed reforms to improve government spending and allow a more open society

Question 10

What is Gorbachov introduce?

Answer 10

Perestroika- Economic restructuring

Glasnost- Openness and freedom of speech

Ended up reducing defence and withdrawing from Afghanistan