Cold War Develops/Intensifies (pg. 5 - 10)

Question 1

Why was Truman concerned about the huge spread of Communism? (pg. 5)

Answer 1

• Europe was devastated post-war, no money or jobs. Communism was attractive to people, as it ensured everyone had enough.
• Many in Eastern Europe were liberated from the Nazis by the USSR
• Some governments (eg. Greece and Turkey) were too poor to battle the Communist revolution. If they couldn’t fight it, he feared it would spread across Europe (Domino Theory)

Question 2

What year was the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan? (pg. 5)

Answer 2

1947

Question 3

What did the Truman Doctrine state? (pg. 5)

Answer 3

USA must try to contain Communism spreading, they should provide money and troops to stop this from happening

Question 4

What did the Marshall Plan state? (pg. 5)

Answer 4

Boost European economy - USA gave $13 billion to help rebuild Europe, and claimed countries had to trade to claim it
Communism appealed to those with nothing, so the plan hoped to contain communism by giving countries a stake of the capitalist system by trading with the US

Question 5

When was Cominform set up? (pg. 6)

Answer 5

1947

Question 6

What did Cominform do? (pg. 6)

Answer 6

Organise all communist parties in Europe to arrange their leadership so Moscow could control them

Question 7

What were 2 consequences of Cominform? (pg. 6)

Answer 7

• Got rid of any opposition to the USSR’s control of satellite states
• Encouraged communist parties to block Marshall Plan assistance

Question 8

When was Comecon set up? (pg. 6)

Answer 8

1949

Question 9

What did Comecon do? State 2 things. (pg. 6)

Answer 9

• Build up trade links between Comecon countries
• Prevented Comecon countries to sign up to the Marshall Plan

Question 10

What was the consequence of Comecon? (pg. 6)

Answer 10

Europe was now divided into two spheres of influence (known as the Iron Curtain)

Question 11

When was NATO set up? (pg. 6)

Answer 11

1949

Question 12

What was NATO? (pg. 6)

Answer 12

Western military alliance based on collective security - if one country was attacked, other NATO countries had to help

Question 13

Why was NATO significant? (pg. 6)

Answer 13

• Showed US and Western Europe were prepared to combat future Soviet aggression
• Led to Soviet Warsaw Pact
• There were now 2 military alliances facing Europe (NATO and Warsaw Pact)

Question 14

When was the Warsaw Pact set up? (pg. 6)

Answer 14

1955

Question 15

What were the West and East given of Germany and Berlin? (pg. 7)

Answer 15

West - Given West Germany and Berlin
East - Given East Germany and Berlin

Question 16

What did the USA want from their division of Germany? (pg. 7)

Answer 16

A united, capitalist Germany with whom it could trade with and prevent the spread of Communism

Question 17

What did the USSR want from their division of Germany? (pg. 7)

Answer 17

A weak, divided, Communist Germany so it couldn’t attack them again

Question 18

Why did Bizonia effect Stalin? Give 3 things. (pg. 7)

Answer 18

He wasn’t consulted, went against Potsdam agreements, and suspected the USA attempting to divide West and East Germany

Question 19

How many troops were in the Soviet zone of Germany? (pg. 7)

Answer 19

1.5 million

Question 20

What was the Berlin Blockade? (pg. 7)

Answer 20

USSR closed all road, rail, canal links into West Berlin, blocking all supplies into Berlin to show it had power to stop a divided Germany working,
This was a problem due to the fact East Germany grew most food that West Berlin ate

Question 21

How did the West respond to the Berlin Blockade?

Answer 21

An airlift - from 1948-49, thousands of supplies were flown daily into Berlin

Question 22

Give 3 consequences of the Berlin Airlift for the West (pg. 7)

Answer 22

• Made USA look generous, peaceful
• West Germany officially formed (FRG)
• NATO formed to combat Soviet threat

Question 23

Give 3 consequences of the Berlin Airlift for the East (pg. 7)

Answer 23

• Made USSR look aggressive, threatening
• East Germany officially formed (GDR)
• Warsaw Pact created to counter Western threat

Question 24

Give 4 impacts of Soviet rule in Hungary (pg. 9)

Answer 24

• Suffered a lot under Stalin’s control
• Any opposition ruthlessly wiped out
• Communism was very unpopular
• Their ruler, Rakosi, was brutal. Called himself ‘Stalin’s best pupil’, yet many called him ‘Bald Butcher’

Question 25

What happened in Hungary, 1956, that led to protests? (pg. 9)

Answer 25

Poor harvests and bread shortages - the people began protesting against Communist rule by attacking local communists and pulling down Stalin statues

Question 26

What did Kruschev do to help settle the unrest in Hungary? (pg. 9)

Answer 26

Appoint Nagy - a liberal prime minister in the hopes of calming everything down

Question 27

What were Nagy’s reforms? Give 3. (pg. 9)

Answer 27

• Leave the Warsaw pact to become neutral
• Hold free elections
• UN protection from the USSR

Question 28

Why did Krushchev dissapprove of Nagy’s reforms? (pg. 10)

Answer 28

He knew if Hungary left the Warsaw Pact, other countries would soon follow

Question 29

What happened to Hungary? (pg. 10)

Answer 29

In 1956, 200,000 Soviet troops invaded Hungary to restore Communist rule

Question 30

State 3 consequences of the Soviet invasion of Hungary (pg. 10)

Answer 30

• 5000 Hungarians killed
• Nagy arrested, executed. Kruschev wanted to make an example of Nagy to stop more rebellions against Communism
• New Hungarian leader appointed, Kadar. He re-established Communist rule in Hungary by introducing the Fifteen Point Programme. Hungarians grudgingly accepted this.