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History > Queen, Government, and Religion (Section 1 of Elizabethan England) > Flashcards

Queen, Government, and Religion (Section 1 of Elizabethan England) Flashcards

1
Q

What year did Elizabeth become Queen?

A

1558

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2
Q

What’s a militia?

A

A force of ordinary people raised in emergency

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3
Q

What made up Elizabeth’s government?

A

The court, the Privy Council, Parliament, Justices of the Peaces (JPs), Lord Lieutenants

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4
Q

What was the Court made up of?

A

Noblemen

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5
Q

What did the Court do?

A

Advised Elizabeth and helped display her power and wealth

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6
Q

What could members of the Court become?

A

Members of the Privy Council

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7
Q

What was the Privy Council made up of?

A

Members of the nobility who helped govern the country

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8
Q

What did the Privy Council do? List 3 things.

A
  • Monitor parliaments JP’s
  • Oversaw law and order and security of England
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9
Q

What was the Justices of the Peaces (JP’s) made up of?

A

Made up of large landowners appointed by the government

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10
Q

What did the Justices of the Peaces (JP’s) do? List 2 things.

A
  • Kept law and order locally
  • Heard court cases
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11
Q

What was the Lord Lieutenants made up of?

A

Made up of noblemen appointed by government

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12
Q

What did the Lord Lieutenants do? List 2 things.

A
  • Governed English countries
  • Raised the local militia
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13
Q

What was Parliament made up of?

A

Made up of House of Commons and House of Lords

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14
Q

What did Parliament do? List 3 things.

A
  • Passed laws
  • Approved taxes
  • Advised Elizabeth’s government
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15
Q

What was Elizabeth society like?

A

Very rigid, based on social hierarchy where everyone knew their place

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16
Q

What percentage of people lived in the countryside?

A

90%

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17
Q

What percentage of people lived in the towns?

A

10%

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18
Q

Who were at the top of the social hierarchy in the countryside?

A

Nobility - Major landowners, often dukes, earls, lords

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19
Q

Who were at the bottom of the social hierarchy in the countryside?

A

Homeless and vagrants - Moved from place to place looking for work

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20
Q

Who were at the top of the social hierarchy in the towns?

A

Merchants - Traders that were very wealthy

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21
Q

Who were at the bottom of the social hierarchy in the towns?

A

Unskilled labourers and the unemployed - Had no regular work and couldn’t provide for themselves or their families

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22
Q

In the Elizabeth social hierarchy society, what did people owe to those above them and to those below them?

A

To those above, they owed respect and obedience.
To those below, they owed a duty to care for them

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23
Q

What is legitimacy?

A

Whether a monarch is lawfully entitled to the throne

24
Q

What problems did Elizabeth face when she became queen? List 7 things.

A
  • Elizabeth was only 21, so she had little experience
  • Her government needed money
  • Her legitimacy was in doubt
  • She was Protestant
  • She was unmarried
  • To pass laws, she needed support of Parliament
25
Q

Why was Elizabeth’s legitimacy in doubt?

A

The Pope refused to recognise her parents marriage

26
Q

Why did Elizabeth never marry?

A

Her power would be reduced massively - her husband would be expected to govern the country and deal with Parliament

27
Q

What would happen if Elizabeth married a Protestant?

A

It would anger the Catholics

28
Q

What would happen if Elizabeth married a Catholic?

A

It would upset the Protestants

29
Q

What could marriage involve England in?

A

Expensive wars

30
Q

What is the Crown?

A

Another word for the government

31
Q

How much was the Crown already in debt?

A

£300,000

32
Q

Despite being unmarried, why was marriage still important?

A

Elizabeth needed an hier - if she died without one, the throne would be left vacant, which could lead to civil war

33
Q

What were Elizabeth’s strengths? List 5 things.

A
  • Elizabeth was confident and charismatic - she could win over her subjects and gain support in Parliament
  • She was resilient - she could handle the pressure of being Queen after being locked in the Tower awaiting possible excecution due to false claim of treason
  • She was well-educated
  • Protestant population was growing
  • Had good grasp on politics - she understood the interests and ambitions her subjects had
34
Q

How many languages could Elizabeth speak?

A

5 - English, Greek, French, Italian, Latin

35
Q

Why was the Crown in so much debt? List 3 things.

A
  • Over £100,000 was owed to foreign moneylenders who charged an interest rate of 14%
  • Mary I sold Crown lands to pay for war with France, so Crown’s income from rent was falling
  • Since 1540’s, the Crown devalued the coins by reducing its gold and silver content to make more money to fight wars with France - this resulted in inflation
36
Q

What could Elizabeth do to solve the financial problems, but what would have gone wrong? List 2 things.

A
  • Raise taxes to boost the Crown’s income, but this would be unpopular for ordinary people, causing unrest
  • Improve the quality of money by increasing the gold ans silver quantity, but people would struggle to exchange their old currency for new ones
37
Q

What did Elizabeth end up doing to solve the financial problems? List 2 things.

A
  • She hoarded her income
  • Cut her household expenses by half
  • Sold Crown lands, raising £120,000
38
Q

What problems did Elizabeth have abroad? List 5 things (only 3 are in detail, other 2 are seperate flashcards)

A
  • The French Threat - France was wealthier and had a larger population. Mary Queen of Scots was married to the French hier, she also had a strong claim to the English throne and English Catholics could rally for her if France invaded
  • War was expensive - Crown was already in debt
  • France ended its war with Spain - a war with England was now more likely (Catholics vs Protestants)
  • The Auld Alliance
  • The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis
39
Q

What was the Auld Alliance?

A

Frances alliance with Scotland posed a threat to Elizabeth. Mary Guise (MaryQOS mother) ruled Scotland and kept French soldiers which could attack England. Mary QOS married Francis II, strengthening their alliance

40
Q

What was the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?

A

England lost Calais to France, which was Englands last territory in Europe and there was pressure for Elizabeth to regain it. However, war with France was dangerous and expensive.

41
Q

How did Elizabeth deal with the threats abroad?

A
  • She signed the Peace of Troyes (1564), which recognised Calais was Frances - this avoided a war
  • She placed Mary QOS in English custody
  • By 1569, only Spain remained a threat
42
Q

Where were Protestants most founded?

A

Northern Europe - mostly in Germany, Scandinavia and the Netherlands

43
Q

Why was the Protestant population increasing in England?

A

Since the 1530’s, many came to England to escape persecution from their own country

44
Q

What are Puritans?

A

Strict Protestants

45
Q

Where in England remained strongly Catholic?

A

Northern England

46
Q

When was Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement?

A

1559

47
Q

What were the aims of Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement?

A
  • Reunite the country after division of religion
  • It could make religion up for interpretation instead of it being focused on one thing, so fewer people argued
48
Q

What were the 5 features of Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement? Each will be explained in seperate flashcards.

A
  • Act of Uniformity
  • Act of Supremacy
  • Ecclesiastical High Commission
  • Royal Injunctions
  • Book of Common Prayer (1559)
49
Q

What was the Act of Uniformity?

A

This dictated the appearance of churches and how the services would be held.

50
Q

What was the Act of Supremacy?

A

Elizabeth made herself Supreme Governer of the Church of England and made all clergy and royal officials swear an oath of allegiance to her.

51
Q

What was the Ecclesiastical High Commission?

A

This kept discipline in place of the church and reinforced the settlements aims.

52
Q

What was the Royal Injunctions?

A

The set of instructions to the clergy reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity.

53
Q

What was the Book of Common Prayer?

A

A set service to be used in all churches. If the clergy failed to follow this, he would be punished.

54
Q

How many out of 10,000 accepted the religious settlement?

A

8,000

55
Q

What happened to the Marian Bishops (Catholic Bishops appointed by Mary Tudor?)`

A

As they opposed the new settlement, they were replaced.

56
Q

What did the Royal Injuctions state?

A
  • Teach the royal supremacy
  • Report those refusing to attend church - they will be fined
  • Keep an English Bible
  • Have a government licence to preach
  • Wear vestments (special clothes)
  • Prevent pilgrimages, religious shrines and monuments

History (10 decks)

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